Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
Allergol Int. 2019 Jan;68(1):17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.09.004. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
Despite its direct exposure to huge amounts of microorganisms and foreign and dietary antigens, the gut mucosa maintains intestinal homeostasis by utilizing the mucosal immune system. The gut mucosal immune system protects the host from the invasion of infectious pathogens and eliminates harmful non-self antigens, but it allows the cohabitation of commensal bacteria in the gut and the entry of dietary non-self antigens into the body via the mucosal surface. These physiological and immunological activities are regulated by the ingenious gut mucosal immune network, comprising such features as gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mucosal immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, secretory IgA, and commensal bacteria. The gut mucosal immune network keeps a fine tuned balance between active immunity (against pathogens and harmful non-self antigens) and immune tolerance (to commensal microbiota and dietary antigens), thus maintaining intestinal healthy homeostasis. Disruption of gut homeostasis results in persistent or severe gastrointestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, or allergic inflammation. In this review, we comprehensively introduce current knowledge of the gut mucosal immune system, focusing on its interaction with allergic inflammation.
尽管肠道黏膜直接暴露于大量微生物和外来及饮食抗原中，但它利用黏膜免疫系统来维持肠道内环境的稳定。肠道黏膜免疫系统可以保护宿主免受感染性病原体的侵袭，并清除有害的非自身抗原，但它也允许肠道共生菌的共存以及饮食中非自身抗原通过黏膜表面进入体内。这些生理和免疫功能是由精妙的肠道黏膜免疫网络来调节的，该网络包含肠道相关淋巴组织、黏膜免疫细胞、细胞因子、趋化因子、抗菌肽、分泌型 IgA 和共生菌等特点。肠道黏膜免疫网络在主动免疫（针对病原体和有害的非自身抗原）和免疫耐受（针对共生菌群和饮食抗原）之间保持着精细的平衡，从而维持肠道健康的内环境稳定。肠道内环境稳定的破坏会导致持续或严重的胃肠道感染、炎症性肠病或过敏炎症。在这篇综述中，我们全面介绍了肠道黏膜免疫系统的现有知识，重点介绍了其与过敏炎症的相互作用。
