Ahluwalia Bani, Magnusson Maria K, Öhman Lena
a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
b Research Unit , Calmino Group AB , Gothenburg , Sweden.
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov;52(11):1185-1193. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1349173. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) is a unique organ inhabited by a range of commensal microbes, while also being exposed to an overwhelming load of antigens in the form of dietary antigens on a daily basis. The GI tract has dual roles in the body, in that it performs digestion and uptake of nutrients while also carrying out the complex and important task of maintaining immune homeostasis, i.e., keeping the balance between the good and the bad. It is equally important that we protect ourselves from reacting against the good, meaning that we stay tolerant to harmless food, commensal bacteria and self-antigens, as well as react with force against the bad, meaning induction of immune responses against harmful microorganisms. This complex task is achieved through the presence of a highly efficient mucosal barrier and a specialized multifaceted immune system, made up of a large population of scattered immune cells and organized lymphoid tissues termed the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). This review provides an overview of the primary components of the human mucosal immune system and how the immune responses in the GI tract are coordinated and induced.
胃肠道（GI tract）是一个独特的器官，栖息着一系列共生微生物，同时每天还会接触到大量以饮食抗原形式存在的抗原。胃肠道在体内具有双重作用，它进行营养物质的消化和吸收，同时还执行维持免疫稳态这一复杂而重要的任务，即保持好坏之间的平衡。同样重要的是，我们要保护自己不对“好”的物质产生反应，这意味着我们要对无害食物、共生细菌和自身抗原保持耐受，同时对“坏”的物质有力地做出反应，即诱导针对有害微生物的免疫反应。这项复杂的任务是通过高效的黏膜屏障和专门的多方面免疫系统来实现的，该免疫系统由大量分散的免疫细胞和称为肠道相关淋巴组织（GALT）的有组织的淋巴组织组成。本综述概述了人类黏膜免疫系统的主要组成部分，以及胃肠道中的免疫反应是如何协调和诱导的。
