Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb;73(2):319-328. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0353-1. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in older Europeans and to investigate associations between 25OHD and lifestyle factors, including dietary intake and supplement use.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Men and women aged ≥ 65 years were recruited from seven centres across north to south Europe. Serum 25OHD and 25OHD concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in 4495 samples and total 25OHD (25OHD + 25OHD) was adjusted for season of blood collection.
The mean (25th, 75th quartile) of seasonally adjusted 25OHD was 46 (34, 65) nmol/L, with the highest concentration of 25OHD in Bergen [61 (49, 79) nmol/L], and the lowest in Paris [36 (24, 57) nmol/L)]. Vitamin D deficiency (25-50 nmol/L) and vitamin D insufficiency (50-75 nmol/L) were found in 41 and 33% of the population, respectively. In multivariable analysis controlled for confounders, seasonally adjusted 25OHD concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in smokers and participants with self-reported diabetes and higher with increasing dietary vitamin D, and supplement use with fish liver oil, omega-3, and vitamin D. Additionally, in further analysis excluding Bergen, 25OHD was associated with higher intakes of oily fish and increasing UVB exposure. We observed low concentrations of 25OHD in older people in Europe.
Our findings of the higher 25OHD concentrations in supplement users (omega-3 fish oil, fish liver oil, vitamin D) add to current recommendations to reduce vitamin D deficiency. We were unable to fully assess the role of dietary vitamin D as we lacked information on vitamin D-fortified foods.
背景/目的：本研究旨在描述欧洲老年人的血清 25-羟维生素 D（25OHD）浓度，并探讨 25OHD 与生活方式因素（包括饮食摄入和补充剂使用）之间的关联。
受试者/方法：本研究招募了来自欧洲北部到南部的七个中心的年龄≥65 岁的男性和女性。使用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）在 4495 份样本中测量血清 25OHD 和 25OHD 浓度，并根据采血季节调整总 25OHD（25OHD+25OHD）。
调整季节因素后的 25OHD 的平均值（25 分位、75 分位）为 46（34，65）nmol/L，其中 25OHD 浓度最高的是卑尔根[61（49，79）nmol/L]，最低的是巴黎[36（24，57）nmol/L]。维生素 D 缺乏（25-50 nmol/L）和维生素 D 不足（50-75 nmol/L）分别占人群的 41%和 33%。在控制混杂因素的多变量分析中，调整季节因素后，与不吸烟、无糖尿病自我报告的参与者相比，吸烟者和有糖尿病自我报告的参与者的血清 25OHD 浓度显著（p<0.05）降低，而饮食中维生素 D 增加、使用鱼油、欧米伽 3 和维生素 D 补充剂则与血清 25OHD 浓度升高相关。此外，在排除卑尔根的进一步分析中，25OHD 与较高的油性鱼类摄入量和增加的 UVB 暴露有关。我们观察到欧洲老年人的 25OHD 浓度较低。
我们发现补充剂使用者（欧米伽 3 鱼油、鱼肝油、维生素 D）的 25OHD 浓度较高，这增加了当前减少维生素 D 缺乏的建议。由于缺乏有关维生素 D 强化食品的信息，我们无法充分评估饮食维生素 D 的作用。
