Zampiga Marco, Bertocchi Micol, Bosi Paolo, Trevisi Paolo, Meluzzi Adele, Sirri Federico
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2019 Jan;103(1):125-134. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13015. Epub 2018 Oct 27.
This study aimed to characterize growth performance and ileum transcriptomic profile of two fast-growing chicken hybrids (HA and HB). A total of 1,170 one-day-old female chicks (n = 585 per genotype) were weighed and randomly divided into 18 pens (9 replications/group). Both the groups received the same commercial diet (starter, 0-9 days; grower I, 10-21 days; grower II, 22-34 days; and finisher, 35-43 days). Body weight (BW), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined on a pen basis at the end of each feeding phase. At the processing (43 days), incidence of footpad dermatitis (FPD) was evaluated on all the birds and ileum mucosa was collected from 1 bird/replication. Total mRNA was extracted to perform microarray analysis (Chicken Gene 1.1 Array Strip), and an exploratory pathway analysis was then conducted (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis software). The two genotypes showed different growth patterns throughout the study. HA birds exhibited higher BW and better FCR than HB after 9 days (228 vs. 217 g and 1.352 vs. 1.419, respectively, p < 0.05). At 21, 34 and 43 days, HB birds reported higher BW (807 vs. 772 g; 1,930 vs. 1,857 g and 2,734 vs. 2,607 g, respectively; p < 0.01), DFI (74.9 vs. 70.6 g bird day , p < 0.01; 144.4 vs. 139.6 g bird day , p = 0.06; and 196.5 vs. 182.4 g bird day , p < 0.01) and similar FCR compared to HA ones. HB group showed a higher percentage of birds with no FPD (75% vs. 48%; p < 0.001). Transcriptomic analysis revealed enriched gene sets for mitochondria, cellular energy metabolism, and cell structure and integrity in ileum mucosa of HA broilers and enriched gene sets for immune system activation, cell signalling and inflammation in HB ones. In conclusion, these results indicated that the two chicken genotypes are characterized by different growth patterns, feeding behaviour and gene expression profiles in the intestinal mucosa.
本研究旨在描述两种快速生长的鸡杂交品种（HA和HB）的生长性能和回肠转录组图谱。总共1170只1日龄雌性雏鸡（每种基因型n = 585只）称重后随机分为18个栏（每组9个重复）。两组均饲喂相同的商业日粮（开食料，0 - 9天；生长料I，10 - 21天；生长料II，22 - 34天；育肥料，35 - 43天）。在每个饲养阶段结束时，以栏为单位测定体重（BW）、日采食量（DFI）和饲料转化率（FCR）。在43日龄屠宰时，评估所有鸡的脚垫皮炎（FPD）发病率，并从每个重复中选取1只鸡采集回肠黏膜。提取总mRNA进行微阵列分析（鸡基因1.1阵列条），然后进行探索性通路分析（基因集富集分析软件）。在整个研究过程中，两种基因型表现出不同的生长模式。9天后，HA鸡的体重和饲料转化率高于HB鸡（分别为228 vs. 217 g和1.352 vs. 1.419，p < 0.05）。在21、34和43日龄时，HB鸡的体重（分别为807 vs. 772 g；1930 vs. 1857 g和2734 vs. 2607 g，p < 0.01）、日采食量（74.9 vs. 70.6 g/只·天，p < 0.01；144.4 vs. 139.6 g/只·天，p = 0.06；196.5 vs. 182.4 g/只·天，p < 0.01）均高于HA鸡，且饲料转化率相似。HB组无FPD的鸡的比例更高（75% vs. 48%；p < 0.001）。转录组分析显示，HA肉鸡回肠黏膜中线粒体、细胞能量代谢以及细胞结构和完整性相关的基因集富集，而HB肉鸡中免疫系统激活、细胞信号传导和炎症相关的基因集富集。总之，这些结果表明，这两种鸡基因型在生长模式、采食行为和肠道黏膜基因表达谱方面具有不同特征。
