Moreno-Torres Karla I, Sinnott Devinn M, Wolfe Barbara A, Marsh Antoinette E, Saville William J A, Moritz Mark, Garabed Rebecca B
Am J Vet Res. 2018 Nov;79(11):1179-1187. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.79.11.1179.
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of environmental exposure to heteroxenous coccidia from wild canid feces in southeastern Ohio. SAMPLE 285 presumed wild canid fecal samples collected across an ecological system in southeastern Ohio. PROCEDURES Morphological classification and molecular analysis were used to determine the canid genus for collected fecal samples. Microscopic and molecular analysis were used to detect coccidian oocysts and DNA. Several variables were analyzed for associations with coccidian DNA detection or prevalence. RESULTS Coccidian DNA was detected in 51 of 285 (17.9%) fecal samples. Of those positive samples, 1% (95% confidence interval, 0.4% to 3%) had positive results for Hammondia heydorni and none had positive results for Neospora caninum, for an estimated environmental N caninum prevalence of 0% (95% confidence interval, 0% to 7%)/1-km hexagonal area evaluated. Morphological classification revealed that 78.9% (225/285) of fecal samples were from coyotes and 17.2% (49/285) were from foxes. No difference in proportions of coccidian DNA-positive fecal samples was identified among canid species. Environmental temperature and fecal freshness were associated with coccidian DNA detection. Land use type, relative canid density, and cattle density were not associated with the prevalence of coccidian DNA-positive samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The low prevalence of coccidia shed in wild canid feces in this study, including the estimated 0% environmental prevalence of N caninum, suggested that the role of the oocyst environmental phase in coccidia transmission to ruminants is likely minor in rural southeastern Ohio.
目的 确定俄亥俄州东南部野生犬科动物粪便中异宿主球虫的环境暴露程度。样本 从俄亥俄州东南部一个生态系统中收集的285份假定为野生犬科动物的粪便样本。程序 采用形态学分类和分子分析来确定所收集粪便样本的犬科属。使用显微镜检查和分子分析来检测球虫卵囊和DNA。分析了几个变量与球虫DNA检测或流行率的关联。结果 在285份粪便样本中的51份（17.9%）检测到球虫DNA。在那些阳性样本中，1%（95%置信区间，0.4%至3%）的样本对海氏哈蒙德球虫检测呈阳性，而对犬新孢子虫检测均未呈阳性，在所评估的每平方公里六边形区域中，估计犬新孢子虫的环境流行率为0%（95%置信区间，0%至7%）。形态学分类显示，78.9%（225/285）的粪便样本来自郊狼，17.2%（49/285）来自狐狸。在不同犬科物种中，未发现球虫DNA阳性粪便样本比例存在差异。环境温度和粪便新鲜度与球虫DNA检测有关。土地利用类型、相对犬科动物密度和牛密度与球虫DNA阳性样本的流行率无关。结论及临床意义 本研究中野生犬科动物粪便中球虫的低流行率，包括估计的犬新孢子虫0%的环境流行率，表明在俄亥俄州东南部农村地区，卵囊环境阶段在球虫传播给反刍动物中的作用可能较小。
