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进化有利于具有选配交配和性二型种群的群体中的衰老。

Evolution favours aging in populations with assortative mating and in sexually dimorphic populations.

机构信息

Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A18, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.

Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 30;8(1):16072. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34391-x.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-34391-x
PMID:30375446
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6207771/
Abstract

Since aging seems omnipresent, many authors regard it as an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics. However, recent research has conclusively shown that some organisms do not age, or at least do not age on a scale comparable with other aging organisms. This begets the question why aging evolved in some organisms yet not in others. Here we present a simulation model of competition between aging and non-aging individuals in a sexually reproducing population. We find that the aging individuals may outcompete the non-aging ones if they have a sufficiently but not excessively higher initial fecundity or if individuals mate assortatively with respect to their own phenotype. Furthermore, the aging phenotype outcompetes the non-aging one or resists dominance of the latter for a longer period in populations composed of genuine males and females compared to populations of simultaneous hermaphrodites. Finally, whereas sterilizing parasites promote non-aging, the effect of mortality-enhancing parasites is to enable longer persistence of the aging phenotype relative to when parasites are absent. Since the aging individuals replace the non-aging ones in diverse scenarios commonly found in nature, our study provides important insights into why aging has evolved in most, but not all organisms.

摘要

由于衰老似乎无处不在，许多作者将其视为物理定律不可避免的结果。然而，最近的研究已经明确表明，有些生物不会衰老，或者至少不会像其他衰老生物那样衰老。这就引出了一个问题，为什么衰老在某些生物中进化了，而在其他生物中却没有进化。在这里，我们提出了一个在有性繁殖种群中衰老和非衰老个体之间竞争的模拟模型。我们发现，如果衰老个体具有足够高但不过高的初始繁殖力，或者个体相对于自身表型进行交配选择，那么衰老个体可能会胜过非衰老个体。此外，与同时雌雄同体的种群相比，由真正的雄性和雌性组成的种群中，衰老表型比非衰老表型更具竞争力，或者能够抵抗后者的优势更长时间。最后，虽然使生物绝育的寄生虫会促进非衰老，但增强死亡率的寄生虫的作用是使衰老表型相对于寄生虫不存在时能够更长时间地持续存在。由于衰老个体在自然界中常见的各种情况下取代了非衰老个体，因此我们的研究为为什么衰老在大多数但不是所有生物中进化提供了重要的见解。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/f32b04661ac7/41598_2018_34391_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/2cc9899b8be8/41598_2018_34391_Fig1_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/d162f024f42f/41598_2018_34391_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/f32b04661ac7/41598_2018_34391_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/2cc9899b8be8/41598_2018_34391_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/7d875f06754f/41598_2018_34391_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/b31ecf18a3ef/41598_2018_34391_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/4c46bd39ec24/41598_2018_34391_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/310836e9f68a/41598_2018_34391_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/d162f024f42f/41598_2018_34391_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2016/6207771/f32b04661ac7/41598_2018_34391_Fig7_HTML.jpg

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Am Nat. 1999 Aug;154(2):140-159. doi: 10.1086/303232.
2
Naked Mole-Rat mortality rates defy gompertzian laws by not increasing with age.裸鼹鼠的死亡率与冈珀茨定律相悖，并不会随着年龄的增长而增加。
Elife. 2018 Jan 24;7:e31157. doi: 10.7554/eLife.31157.
3
Assortative mating and persistent reproductive isolation in hybrids.杂交种中的交配选择和持续生殖隔离。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Oct 10;114(41):10936-10941. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1711238114. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
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Senescence is not inevitable.衰老并非不可避免。
Biogerontology. 2017 Dec;18(6):965-971. doi: 10.1007/s10522-017-9727-3. Epub 2017 Aug 28.
5
Keeping up with the Red Queen: the pace of aging as an adaptation.跟上红皇后的步伐：衰老速度作为一种适应性特征
Biogerontology. 2017 Aug;18(4):693-709. doi: 10.1007/s10522-016-9674-4. Epub 2016 Dec 24.
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Do DNA Double-Strand Breaks Drive Aging?DNA双链断裂会导致衰老吗？
Mol Cell. 2016 Sep 1;63(5):729-38. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.004.
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Can aging be programmed? A critical literature review.衰老可以被编程吗？一项批判性文献综述。
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Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection.人类端粒生物学：衰老、疾病风险和保护中的一个促成和交互作用的因素。
Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1193-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3389.
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