LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Mar;47(2):274-285. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13434. Epub 2018 Dec 10.
The retina is the tissue responsible for light detection, in which retinal neurons convert light energy into electrical signals to be transported towards the visual cortex. Damage of retinal neurons leads to neuronal cell death and retinal pathologies, compromising visual acuity and eventually leading to irreversible blindness. Models of retinal neurodegeneration include 2D systems like cell lines, disassociated cultures and co-cultures, and 3D models like organoids, organotypic retinal cultures and animal models. Of these, ex vivo human retinal cultures are arguably the most suitable models for translational research as they retain complex inter-cellular interactions of the retina and precisely mimic in-situ responses. In this review, we summarize the distinguishing features of the human retina which are important to preserve in experimental culture, the historical development of human retinal culture systems, the factors affecting ex vivo human retinal culture and the applications and challenges associated with current methods of human retinal explant culture.
视网膜是负责光检测的组织，其中视网膜神经元将光能转化为电信号，以便向视觉皮层传输。视网膜神经元的损伤会导致神经元细胞死亡和视网膜病变，损害视力敏锐度，最终导致不可逆转的失明。视网膜神经退行性变的模型包括 2D 系统，如细胞系、分离培养和共培养，以及 3D 模型，如类器官、器官型视网膜培养和动物模型。在这些模型中，体外人视网膜培养可以说是最适合转化研究的模型，因为它们保留了视网膜复杂的细胞间相互作用，并精确地模拟了原位反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了体外培养中保留人视网膜的重要特征，人视网膜培养系统的历史发展，影响体外人视网膜培养的因素以及当前人视网膜外植体培养方法的应用和挑战。
