Janoušková O
Department of Biological Models, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Physiol Res. 2018 Oct 30;67(Suppl 2):S335-S348. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.933983.
Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine are progressively developed areas due to many novel tissue replacements and implementation strategies. Increasing knowledge involving the fabrication of biomaterials with advanced physicochemical and biological characteristics, successful isolation and preparation of stem cells, incorporation of growth and differentiation factors, and biomimetic environments gives us a unique opportunity to develop various types of scaffolds for TE. The current strategies for soft tissue reconstitution or regeneration highlight the importance of novel regenerative therapies in cases of significant soft tissue loss and in cases of congenital defects, disease, trauma and ageing. Various types of biomaterials and scaffolds have been tested for soft tissue regeneration. The synthetic types of materials have gained great attention due to high versatility, tunability and easy functionalization for better biocompatibility. This article reviews the current materials that are usually the most used for the fabrication of scaffolds for soft TE; in addition, the types of scaffolds together with examples of their applications for the regenerative purposes of soft tissue, as well as their major physicochemical characteristics regarding the increased applicability of these materials in medicine, are reviewed.
由于许多新型组织替代物和实施策略，组织工程（TE）和再生医学是不断发展的领域。对具有先进物理化学和生物学特性的生物材料的制备、干细胞的成功分离和制备、生长和分化因子的掺入以及仿生环境的认识不断增加，为我们提供了一个独特的机会来开发用于组织工程的各种类型的支架。当前软组织重建或再生的策略突出了新型再生疗法在严重软组织损失、先天性缺陷、疾病、创伤和衰老情况下的重要性。已经对各种类型的生物材料和支架进行了软组织再生测试。合成材料类型因其高通用性、可调节性和易于功能化以实现更好的生物相容性而备受关注。本文综述了目前通常最常用于制造软组织工程支架的材料；此外，还综述了支架类型及其用于软组织再生目的的应用实例，以及这些材料在医学中提高适用性的主要物理化学特性。
