Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Jan 30;168:146-163. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.054. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Metals are ubiquitous in the environment due to huge industrial applications in the form of different chemicals and from extensive mining activities. The frequent exposures to metals and metalloids are crucial for the human health. Trace metals are beneficial for health whereas non-essential metals are dangerous for the health and some are proven etiological factors for diseases including cancers and neurological disorders. The interactions of essential trace metals such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) with non-essential metals viz. lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in biological system are very critical and complex. A huge number of studies report the protective role of Se and Zn against metal toxicity, both in animal and cellular levels, and also explain the numerous mechanisms involved. However, it has been considered that a tiny dyshomeostasis in the metals/trace metals status in biological system could induce severe deleterious effects that can manifest to numerous diseases. Thus, in this particular review, we have demonstrated the critical protection mechanism/s of Se and Zn against Cd, Pb, As and Hg toxicity in a one by one manner to clarify the up-to-date findings and perspectives. Furthermore, biomolecular consequences are comprehensively presented in light of particular cellular/biomolecular events which are somehow linked to a subsequent disease. The analyzed reports support significant protection potential of Se and Zn, either alone or in combination with other agents, against each of the abovementioned non-essential metals. However, Se and Zn are still not being used as detoxifying agents due to some unexplained reasons. We hypothesized that Se could be a potential candidate for detoxifying As and Hg regardless of their chemical speciations, but requires intensive clinical trials. However, particularly Zn-Hg interaction warrants more investigations both in animal and cellular level.
由于不同化学物质形式的巨大工业应用和广泛的采矿活动，金属在环境中无处不在。频繁接触金属和类金属对人类健康至关重要。痕量金属对健康有益，而非必需金属对健康有害，有些已被证明是癌症和神经紊乱等疾病的病因。必需痕量金属（如硒 (Se) 和锌 (Zn)）与非必需金属（如铅 (Pb)、镉 (Cd)、砷 (As) 和汞 (Hg)）在生物系统中的相互作用非常关键且复杂。大量研究报告称，硒 (Se) 和锌 (Zn) 在动物和细胞水平上都具有对抗金属毒性的保护作用，并解释了涉及的许多机制。然而，人们认为生物系统中金属/痕量金属状态的微小失调可能会导致严重的有害影响，从而引发多种疾病。因此，在本综述中，我们以逐一的方式展示了 Se 和 Zn 对抗 Cd、Pb、As 和 Hg 毒性的关键保护机制，以阐明最新的发现和观点。此外，还根据与随后疾病相关的特定细胞/生物分子事件，全面呈现了生物分子后果。分析报告支持 Se 和 Zn 单独或与其他试剂联合使用，对上述非必需金属均具有显著的保护潜力。然而，由于某些原因，Se 和 Zn 仍未被用作解毒剂。我们假设硒 (Se) 可能是一种潜在的候选解毒剂，可用于解毒 As 和 Hg，而不管它们的化学形态如何，但需要进行密集的临床试验。然而，特别是 Zn-Hg 相互作用需要在动物和细胞水平上进行更多的研究。
