Immune Cell Biology Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Immunol. 2018 Oct 16;9:2394. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02394. eCollection 2018.
During the last 10 years, a population of clonally expanded T cells that take up permanent residence in non-lymphoid tissues has been identified. The localization of these tissue resident memory (TRM) cells allows them to rapidly respond at the site of antigen exposure, making them an attractive therapeutic target for various immune interventions. Although most studies have focused on understanding the biology underlying CD8 TRMs, CD4 T cells actually far outnumber CD8 T cells in barrier tissues such as lung and skin. Depending on the immune context, CD4 TRM can contribute to immune protection, pathology, or tissue remodeling. Although the ability of CD4 T cells to differentiate into heterogeneous effector and memory subsets has been well-established, how this heterogeneity manifests within the TRM compartment and within different tissues is just beginning to be elucidated. In this review we will discuss our current understanding of how CD4 TRMs are generated and maintained as well as a potential role for CD4 TRM plasticity in mediating the balance between beneficial and pathogenic immune responses.
在过去的 10 年中，人们已经鉴定出一群克隆扩增的 T 细胞，它们在非淋巴组织中永久定居。这些组织驻留记忆（TRM）细胞的定位使它们能够在抗原暴露的部位迅速作出反应，因此成为各种免疫干预的有吸引力的治疗靶点。尽管大多数研究都集中在理解 CD8 TRM 背后的生物学，但在肺和皮肤等屏障组织中，CD4 T 细胞实际上远远超过 CD8 T 细胞。根据免疫背景的不同，CD4 TRM 可以促进免疫保护、发病机制或组织重塑。尽管已经证实 CD4 T 细胞具有分化为异质性效应器和记忆亚群的能力，但这种异质性在 TRM 隔室中和不同组织中的表现方式才刚刚开始阐明。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论我们目前对 CD4 TRM 如何产生和维持的理解，以及 CD4 TRM 可塑性在调节有益和致病免疫反应之间平衡的潜在作用。
