a School of Environmental Science and Technology , Hanoi University of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam.
b Faculty of Transport Safety and Environment , University of Transport and Communications , Hanoi , Vietnam.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2019 Apr;69(4):423-437. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1543736. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
This paper develops a typical driving cycle for buses in Hanoi that does not require the deconstruction of the natural driving patterns. Real velocity-time data were collected along 15 routes in the inner city. The raw velocity-time series were preprocessed to remove errors, and smooth and denoise the data. These data, then, were tested for stationary behavior before being used in the construction of the driving cycle based on Markov chain theory. The 14 representative parameters of the driving cycle, including vehicle-specific power, which were extracted from 33 driving cycle parameters using the hierarchical agglomerative clustering method, were used to integrate the features of realistic driving patterns into the typical driving cycle. The conformity of the developed driving cycle with the real-world driving data was evaluated by the speed-acceleration frequency distribution (SAFD). A typical driving cycle for buses in Hanoi with a SAFD of 13.2% was developed. This is the first driving cycle developed for buses in Vietnam. Implications: A typical driving cycle was developed for the first time for buses in Hanoi. With the deviation in speed-acceleration frequency distribution (SAFD) reaching to 13.2%, the developed driving cycle reflects well the overall real-world driving data in the city. This driving cycle, therefore, can be applied for the development of the country-specific emission factors and emission inventories for buses which are a very good tool as well as useful information for integrated air quality management in Hanoi.
本文为河内巴士开发了一种典型驾驶循环，无需对自然驾驶模式进行解构。实际速度-时间数据是沿内城的 15 条路线收集的。原始速度-时间序列经过预处理以消除误差，并对数据进行平滑和降噪。然后，在基于马尔可夫链理论构建驾驶循环之前，对这些数据进行平稳性检验。使用层次凝聚聚类方法从 33 个驾驶循环参数中提取了 14 个代表性的驾驶循环参数，包括车辆比功率，这些参数被用来将实际驾驶模式的特征整合到典型驾驶循环中。通过速度-加速度频率分布（SAFD）来评估开发的驾驶循环与实际驾驶数据的一致性。开发了一种具有 13.2%SAFD 的河内巴士典型驾驶循环。这是越南首个为巴士开发的驾驶循环。速度-加速度频率分布（SAFD）的偏差达到 13.2%，开发的驾驶循环很好地反映了城市的整体实际驾驶数据。因此，该驾驶循环可用于开发适用于越南的巴士特定排放因子和排放清单，这是一个非常好的工具，也是河内综合空气质量管理的有用信息。
