Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) most commonly occurs in the hospital setting, and hospital-acquired AKI accounts for 22% of all AKI cases worldwide. AKI causes 2 million deaths per year, and 50% of critically ill patients develop AKI. AKIs include prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes. Treatments include renal replacement therapies and correcting reversible causes. Management of these patients includes medical and social history, laboratory studies, tests such as renal biopsy and ultrasonography, vital signs, volume status, and identifying risk factors. Thus, it is essential to identify high-risk patients, correct any reversible causes, prevent further kidney injury, and perform supportive therapy.