Angius Luca, Pascual-Leone Alvaro, Santarnecchi Emiliano
Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.
Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitacio Guttmann, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
Prog Brain Res. 2018;240:317-339. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.010. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been used for decades to study brain function and for the treatment of various neurological disease. These techniques involve the passage of electrical current or magnetic field in a controlled manner to a targeted brain area. Recently, experimental studies explored the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the improvement of physical performance in healthy individuals. In this chapter we reviewed and analyzed the current scientific literature, highlighted methodological limitations and also suggested possible neurophysiological mechanisms. The chapter also provides some technical and theoretical research-based principles for future research, to promote a better understanding of potential and caveats of this emerging field. Finally, ethical and regulatory issues related to performance enhancement via non-invasive brain stimulation are also discussed.
几十年来，非侵入性脑刺激技术一直被用于研究脑功能以及治疗各种神经系统疾病。这些技术涉及以可控方式将电流或磁场传递到目标脑区。最近，实验研究探索了经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）在改善健康个体身体机能方面的应用。在本章中，我们回顾并分析了当前的科学文献，突出了方法学上的局限性，并提出了可能的神经生理机制。本章还为未来研究提供了一些基于技术和理论研究的原则，以促进对这一新兴领域的潜力和注意事项有更好的理解。最后，还讨论了与通过非侵入性脑刺激提高机能相关的伦理和监管问题。
