1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food,Université Laval,Québec,CanadaG1V 0A6.
Br J Nutr. 2019 Jan;121(2):172-181. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003045. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
Health professionals consider the evaluation of eating habits to be challenging, given the potential biases of dietary questionnaires based on self-reported data. Circulating carotenoid concentrations are reliable biomarkers of dietary carotenoid intake and could be useful in the validation of dietary assessment tools. However, there is a sex difference in circulating carotenoids, with women displaying higher concentrations compared with men independent of intake. The aim of the present study was to identify the correlates of plasma carotenoid concentrations among men (n 155) and women (n 110) enrolled in six fully controlled dietary interventions with varying dietary carotenoid intakes. We looked at the associations of post-intervention fasting plasma carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin) with physical and metabolic characteristics. We found that increased body weight (r -0·47, P<0·0001) and waist circumference (r -0·46, P<0·0001) were associated with lower plasma total carotenoid concentrations, while elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol (r 0·49, P<0·0001) and HDL-cholesterol (r 0·50, P<0·0001) concentrations were correlated with higher total carotenoids in plasma. Women had significantly higher plasma total carotenoid concentrations compared with men, despite significantly lower dietary carotenoid intake. Adjustment of circulating carotenoid concentrations for plasma HDL-cholesterol eliminated sex difference in plasma carotenoid concentrations. Our results suggest that physical characteristics as well as plasma lipids are associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and that these variables should be taken into account when using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers for food intake in men and women.
健康专业人员认为，评估饮食习惯具有挑战性，因为基于自我报告数据的饮食问卷可能存在潜在偏差。循环类胡萝卜素浓度是膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量的可靠生物标志物，可用于验证膳食评估工具。然而，循环类胡萝卜素存在性别差异，女性的浓度高于男性，而与摄入量无关。本研究的目的是确定 6 项完全受控饮食干预中男性（n=155）和女性（n=110）的血浆类胡萝卜素浓度的相关因素，这些干预的饮食类胡萝卜素摄入量不同。我们研究了干预后空腹血浆类胡萝卜素浓度（α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素、番茄红素和玉米黄质）与身体和代谢特征的相关性。我们发现，体重增加（r=-0.47，P<0.0001）和腰围增加（r=-0.46，P<0.0001）与血浆总类胡萝卜素浓度降低相关，而血浆 LDL-胆固醇（r=0.49，P<0.0001）和 HDL-胆固醇（r=0.50，P<0.0001）浓度升高与血浆总类胡萝卜素升高相关。尽管女性的饮食类胡萝卜素摄入量明显低于男性，但她们的血浆总类胡萝卜素浓度明显更高。调整循环类胡萝卜素浓度与血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇后，血浆类胡萝卜素浓度的性别差异消除。我们的结果表明，身体特征和血浆脂质与循环类胡萝卜素浓度相关，在男性和女性中，使用血浆类胡萝卜素作为食物摄入的生物标志物时，应考虑这些变量。
