Department of Dermatology.
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019 Jan;31(1):53-61. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000564.
To give an overview of recently published articles addressing the mechanisms underlying sex bias in autoimmune disease.
Recent studies investigating the origins of sex bias in autoimmune disease have revealed an extensive and interconnected network of genetic, hormonal, microbial, and environmental influences. Investigation of sex hormones has moved beyond profiling the effects of hormones on activity and prevalence of immune cell types to defining the specific immunity-related genes driving these changes. Deeper examination of the genetic content of the X and Y chromosomes and genetic escapees of X chromosome inactivation has revealed some key drivers of female-biased autoimmunity. Animal studies are offering further insights into the connections among microbiota, particularly that of the gut, and the immune system.
Sex bias in autoimmune disease is the manifestation of a complex interplay of the sex chromosomes, sex hormones, the microbiota, and additional environmental and sociological factors.
介绍最近发表的文章，探讨自身免疫性疾病中性别偏见的潜在机制。
最近研究自身免疫性疾病中性别偏见的起源揭示了广泛而相互关联的遗传、激素、微生物和环境影响网络。对性激素的研究已经超越了描述激素对免疫细胞类型活性和患病率的影响，而是定义了驱动这些变化的特定与免疫相关的基因。对 X 和 Y 染色体的遗传内容以及 X 染色体失活的遗传逃逸的更深入研究揭示了一些女性偏倚自身免疫的关键驱动因素。动物研究进一步深入研究了微生物组，特别是肠道微生物组与免疫系统之间的联系。
自身免疫性疾病中的性别偏见是性染色体、性激素、微生物组以及其他环境和社会学因素复杂相互作用的表现。
