Odelson D A, Rasmussen J L, Smith C J, Macrina F L
Plasmid. 1987 Mar;17(2):87-109. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(87)90016-3.
Obligately anaerobic bacteria are important in terms of their role as medical pathogens as well as their degradative capacities in a variety of natural ecosystems. Two major anaerobic genera, Bacteroides and Clostridium, are examined in this review. Plasmid elements in both genera are reviewed within the context of conjugal transfer and drug resistance. Genetic systems that facilitate the study of these anaerobic bacteria have emerged during the past several years. In large part, these developments have been linked to work centered on extrachromosomal genetic systems in these organisms. Conjugal transfer of antibiotic resistance has been a central focus in this regard. Transposable genetic elements in the Bacteroides are discussed and the evolution and spread of resistance to lincosamide antibiotics are considered at the molecular level. Recombinant DNA systems that employ shuttle vectors which are mobilized by conjugative plasmids have been developed for use in Bacteroides and Clostridium. The application of transmission and recombinant DNA genetic systems to study these anaerobes is under way and is likely to lead to an increased understanding of this important group of procaryotes.
专性厌氧菌作为医学病原体以及在各种自然生态系统中的降解能力都很重要。本综述研究了两个主要的厌氧属，拟杆菌属和梭菌属。在接合转移和耐药性的背景下对这两个属中的质粒元件进行了综述。在过去几年中出现了有助于研究这些厌氧菌的遗传系统。在很大程度上，这些进展与以这些生物体中的染色体外遗传系统为中心的工作有关。抗生素耐药性的接合转移一直是这方面的核心焦点。讨论了拟杆菌中的转座遗传元件，并在分子水平上考虑了对林可酰胺类抗生素耐药性的演变和传播。已经开发出利用由接合质粒动员的穿梭载体的重组DNA系统，用于拟杆菌属和梭菌属。正在将传递和重组DNA遗传系统应用于研究这些厌氧菌，这可能会增进对这一重要原核生物群体的了解。
