Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom;
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS Oxford, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Nov 20;115(47):12011-12016. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1815873115. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
Natal dispersal is a demographic trait with profound evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral consequences. However, our understanding of the adaptive value of dispersal patterns is severely hampered by the difficulty of measuring the relative fitness consequences of alternative dispersal strategies in natural populations. This is especially true in social species, in which natal philopatry allows kin selection to operate, so direct and indirect components of inclusive fitness have to be considered when evaluating selection on dispersal. Here, we use lifetime reproductive success data from a long-term study of a cooperative breeder, the long-tailed tit , to quantify the direct and indirect components of inclusive fitness. We show that dispersal has a negative effect on the accrual of indirect fitness, and hence inclusive fitness, by males. In contrast, the inclusive, predominantly direct, fitness of females increases with dispersal distance. We conclude that the conflicting fitness consequences of dispersal in this species result in sexually antagonistic selection on this key demographic parameter.
扩散是一种具有深远进化、生态和行为后果的人口特征。然而，我们对扩散模式的适应价值的理解受到了严重阻碍，因为很难在自然种群中衡量替代扩散策略的相对适应度后果。在社会性物种中尤其如此，在这些物种中，亲代亲缘选择得以发挥作用，因此在评估扩散对选择的影响时，必须考虑包含适合度的直接和间接成分。在这里，我们使用合作繁殖者长尾山雀的长期研究中的终生繁殖成功率数据来量化包含适合度的直接和间接成分。我们表明，扩散对雄性间接适应度的积累产生负面影响，从而对包含适合度产生负面影响。相比之下，雌性的包含主要是直接的适合度随着扩散距离的增加而增加。我们的结论是，这种物种中扩散的冲突适应度后果导致对这个关键人口参数产生性拮抗选择。
