Identification of a linear B-cell epitope in the catalytic domain of bothropasin, a metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca snake venom.

Bothropasin is a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) from Bothrops jararaca venom, the snake responsible for most bites in Southeastern Brazil. SVMPs, such as bothropasin, are involved in the main bothropic envenoming symptoms, which include hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis and blood coagulation deficiency. B-cell epitope mapping of SVMPs can lead to the identification of peptides capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies without causing toxic effects, therefore improving anti-venom production. Here, using the SPOT synthesis technique, we have identified an epitope located in the catalytic domain of bothropasin (KARMYELANIVNEILRYLYMH) which was synthesized and named BotEp1. The peptide was used to immunize Swiss mice and Anti-BotEp1 serum cross-reacted with bothropasin and crude venoms from B. jararaca and B. atrox venoms. Furthermore, Anti-BotEp1 antibodies were able to completely neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of a chromatographic fraction from B. jararaca venom, which contains hemorrhagic SVMPs. In addition, the coagulation activity of the hemorrhagic fraction showed to be diminished when tested in serum from rabbit immunized with BotEp1 (compared to serum from non-immunized animal). Our results show the identification of neutralizing epitopes in bothropasin and provide basis for the use of synthetic peptides to improve the production of immunotherapeutics.