探索南非服务提供者在预防和管理胎儿酒精谱系障碍方面的观点：一项定性研究。
Exploring service providers' perspectives on the prevention and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in South Africa: a qualitative study.
机构信息
School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.
Division of Occupational Therapy, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Nov 6;18(1):1238. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6126-x.
BACKGROUND
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is among the leading causes of developmental and intellectual disabilities in individuals. Although efforts are being made toward the prevention and management of FASD in South Africa, the prevalence remains high. The sustained high prevalence could be attributed to several factors, including the lack of policy for a coordinated effort to prevent, diagnose and manage FASD nationally. In this study, our aim was to explore the perspectives of service providers (health and allied professionals, teachers, social workers) on the prevention and management of FASD towards developing a guideline to inform policy.
METHOD
Guided by the exploratory qualitative research design, we purposively sampled relevant service providers in the field of FASD prevention and management for focus group discussions. Nine of these discussions were conducted with to eight participants per discussion session. The discussants were asked various questions on the current and required interventions and practices for the prevention and management of FASD. Following the Framework Method, data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the thematic content analysis approach.
RESULTS
Our findings show that aspects of the prevention and management of alcohol-related conditions are present in various policies. However, there is no clear focus on coordinated, multi-sectoral efforts for a more comprehensive approach to the prevention and management of FASD. The participants recognized the need for specific requirements on broad-based preventive awareness programs, training and support for parents and caregivers, inclusive education in mainstream schools and training of relevant professionals.
CONCLUSION
Comprehensive and coordinated prevention and management programs guided by a specific policy could improve the prevention and management of FASD. Policy formulation demonstrates commitment from the government, highlights the importance of the condition, and elaborates on context-specific prevention and management protocols.
背景
胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）是导致个体发育和智力残疾的主要原因之一。尽管南非正在努力预防和管理 FASD，但患病率仍然很高。患病率持续居高不下可能归因于多种因素，包括缺乏国家层面预防、诊断和管理 FASD 的协调政策。在这项研究中，我们旨在探讨服务提供者（卫生和相关专业人员、教师、社会工作者）对预防和管理 FASD 的看法，以制定指导方针为政策提供信息。
方法
在探索性定性研究设计的指导下，我们有意选择 FASD 预防和管理领域的相关服务提供者进行焦点小组讨论。这些讨论中有 9 个是与每个讨论环节的 8 名参与者进行的。讨论者被问到关于预防和管理 FASD 的当前和所需干预措施和实践的各种问题。根据框架方法，对数据进行逐字转录，并使用主题内容分析方法进行分析。
结果
我们的研究结果表明，与酒精相关疾病的预防和管理方面的内容存在于各种政策中。然而，对于更全面的预防和管理 FASD 的协调、多部门努力，没有明确的重点。参与者认识到需要针对广泛的预防性意识计划、对父母和照顾者的培训和支持、主流学校的包容性教育以及相关专业人员的培训提出具体要求。
结论
由具体政策指导的综合协调预防和管理计划可以改善 FASD 的预防和管理。政策制定表明政府的承诺，强调了该病症的重要性，并详细阐述了针对特定情况的预防和管理方案。
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