Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Institute for Oil and Gas, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2019 Mar;51:214-222. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.023. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Ultrafiltration has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of oil-in-water emulsions, since no chemical additives are required. However, ultrafiltration has its limitations, the main limits are concentration polarization resulting to permeate flux decline with time. Adsorption, accumulation of oil and particles on the membrane surface which causes fouling of the membrane. Studies have shown that the ultrasonic is effective in cleaning of fouled membrane and enhancing membrane filtration performance. But the effectiveness also, depends on the selection of appropriate membrane material, membrane geometry, ultrasonic module design, operational and processing condition. In this study, a hollow and flat-sheet polyurethane (PU) membranes synthesized with different additives and solvent were used and their performance evaluated with oil-in-water emulsion. The steady-state permeate flux and the rejection of oil in percentage (%) at two different modes were determined. A dry/wet spinning technique was used to fabricate the flat-sheet and hollow fibre membrane (HFMs) using Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer base, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) additive and N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent. Ultrasonic assisted cross-flow ultrafiltration module was built to avoid loss of ultrasonic to the surrounding. The polyurethane (PU) was synthesized by polymerization and sulphonation to have an anionic group (-OH; -COOH; and -SOH) on the membrane surface. Changes in morphological properties of the membrane had a significant effect on the permeate flow rate and oil removal. Generation of cavitation and Brownian motion by the ultrasonic were the dominant mechanisms responsible for ultrafiltration by cracking the cake layers and reducing concentration polarization at the membrane surface. The percentage of oil after ultrafiltration process with ultrasonic is about 90% compared to 49% without ultrasonic. Ultrasonic is effective in enhancing the membrane permeate flux and controlling membrane fouling.
超滤在处理油包水乳状液方面已被证明非常有效，因为不需要使用化学添加剂。然而，超滤有其局限性，主要限制是浓差极化导致透过通量随时间下降。吸附、油和颗粒在膜表面的积累会导致膜污染。研究表明，超声波在清洗污染膜和提高膜过滤性能方面是有效的。但有效性也取决于选择适当的膜材料、膜几何形状、超声模块设计、操作和加工条件。在这项研究中，使用了不同添加剂和溶剂合成的中空和平板聚氨酯（PU）膜，并用水包油乳液评估其性能。在两种不同模式下确定了稳态透过通量和油的截留率（以百分比表示）。采用干湿纺丝技术，以聚醚砜（PES）聚合物为基底，聚维酮（PVP）添加剂和 N，N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）溶剂制备平板膜和中空纤维膜（HFMs）。构建了超声辅助错流超滤模块，以避免超声波损失到周围环境中。通过聚合和磺化将聚氨酯（PU）合成，在膜表面上形成阴离子基团（-OH；-COOH；和-SOH）。膜形态性质的变化对透过流速和除油有显著影响。超声波产生的空化和布朗运动是负责通过破裂饼层和减少膜表面浓差极化来进行超滤的主要机制。与不使用超声波相比，使用超声波进行超滤后油的百分比约为 90%，而不使用超声波时为 49%。超声波在提高膜透过通量和控制膜污染方面是有效的。
