Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom.
Centre for Complex Systems in Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbocsh, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 7;13(11):e0205985. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205985. eCollection 2018.
Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in Ghana. This study examines the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among Ghanaian aged 15-49 years. This cross-sectional study retrieved data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). The sample, comprising of 13,247 respondents aged 15-49 years, was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, independent sample t-tests and binary logistic regressions. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 13.0% (12.1% for males and 13.4% for females). Among respondents who had hypertension, 45.6% were aware of their hypertension status; 40.5% were treating the condition while 23.8% had their blood pressure controlled (BP <140/90 mmHg). Socio-economic and demographic factors, health insurance coverage and recent visit to health facilities played significant roles in hypertension prevalence and awareness. While region of residence and health facility visits were predictors of hypertension treatment, age and region of residence predicted hypertension control in this population. This study suggests that in order to address the increasing burden of hypertension in Ghana, there should be an expansion of the National Health Insurance Scheme and development of measures to reduce health inequities. Also, some of the determining factors such as age, gender, marital status are similar to other cultures; therefore, existing interventions from those cultures could be adapted in addressing hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in Ghana.
高血压是加纳心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的主要原因。本研究调查了加纳 15-49 岁人群中高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率。本横断面研究从 2014 年加纳人口与健康调查 (GDHS) 中检索数据。采用描述性统计、卡方检验、独立样本 t 检验和二元逻辑回归分析了包含 13247 名 15-49 岁受访者的样本。高血压的总体患病率为 13.0%（男性为 12.1%，女性为 13.4%）。在患有高血压的受访者中，45.6%知晓其高血压状况；40.5%正在治疗该疾病，而 23.8%的血压得到了控制（BP<140/90mmHg）。社会经济和人口统计学因素、医疗保险覆盖范围和最近就诊的医疗机构对高血压的患病率和知晓率都有显著影响。虽然居住地区和医疗机构就诊是高血压治疗的预测因素，但年龄和居住地区是该人群控制高血压的预测因素。本研究表明，为了应对加纳不断增加的高血压负担，应扩大国家健康保险计划，并制定措施来减少卫生不公平现象。此外，一些决定因素，如年龄、性别、婚姻状况与其他文化相似；因此，可以借鉴其他文化的现有干预措施，以解决加纳高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率问题。
