Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan.
School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0001, Japan.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2018 Nov 7;23(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12199-018-0747-7.
Natural disasters have long-term negative impacts on the health and socioenvironmental conditions of a population, affecting the physical environment as well as the relationships within the community, including social networks. Mothers in post-disaster communities may have difficulty receiving social support not only from family members and relatives but also from members of their community, such as people in their neighborhoods. This study focused on mothers with infants and preschool-aged children in post-disaster communities. The associations of social support with sociodemographic characteristics and socioenvironmental conditions related to child-rearing among mothers in post-disaster communities were assessed.
An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in October 2015 in 988 households in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The data collected on sociodemographic and socioenvironmental characteristics included the presence of pre-disaster acquaintances in the neighborhood and social support for child-rearing. The associations of sociodemographic and socioenvironmental characteristics with social support were examined.
We analyzed 215 completed questionnaires from mothers living in different houses from those they lived in before the disaster to reflect continuous relationships with people from the pre-disaster communities. Social support was significantly associated with infant sex, extended family, support obtained from relatives not living together, pre-disaster acquaintances, use of child support resources, and no perceived difficulties in child-rearing. In addition, the presence of pre-disaster acquaintances was associated with categories of mental/physical place of comfort and child-rearing support, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.88 (95% CI 1.03-3.44) and 2.84 (95% CI 1.46-5.52) compared with mothers who did not have any pre-disaster acquaintances.
Factors associated with the obtainment of social support in child-rearing among mothers in post-disaster communities were attributed not only to mothers themselves and family members but also to socioenvironmental factors such as the presence of pre-disaster acquaintances. The presence of pre-disaster acquaintances promoted rich social support in child-rearing in post-disaster communities. When reconstructing a community following changes in residence location after a disaster, the pre-disaster relationships among the community dwellers should be considered from the viewpoint of child-rearing support.
自然灾害对人口的健康和社会环境条件会产生长期的负面影响，影响物理环境以及社区内的人际关系，包括社交网络。灾难后社区的母亲不仅可能难以获得来自家庭成员和亲戚的社会支持，还可能难以获得社区成员的支持，例如邻居。本研究重点关注灾难后社区中有婴儿和学龄前儿童的母亲。评估了社会支持与灾难后社区中母亲的社会人口特征和与育儿相关的社会环境条件之间的关联。
2015 年 10 月，在受东日本大地震和海啸影响的 988 户家庭中进行了匿名自填式问卷调查。收集的社会人口学和社会环境特征数据包括灾难前邻里熟人的存在和育儿方面的社会支持。检查了社会人口学和社会环境特征与社会支持的关联。
我们分析了 215 份来自与灾难前居住房屋不同的房屋中居住的母亲的完整问卷，以反映与灾难前社区居民的持续关系。社会支持与婴儿性别、大家庭、与不住在一起的亲戚获得的支持、灾难前的熟人、使用儿童支持资源以及育儿方面没有感知到的困难显著相关。此外，灾难前熟人的存在与心理/身体舒适场所和育儿支持的类别相关，调整后的优势比分别为 1.88（95%CI 1.03-3.44）和 2.84（95%CI 1.46-5.52），与没有任何灾难前熟人的母亲相比。
与灾难后社区中母亲获得育儿社会支持相关的因素不仅归因于母亲本身和家庭成员，还归因于社会环境因素，例如灾难前熟人的存在。灾难前熟人的存在促进了灾难后社区丰富的育儿社会支持。在灾难发生后重建社区时，应从育儿支持的角度考虑社区居民之间的灾难前关系。
