Moriyama Hidenori, Fuchimukai Toru, Kondo Naoki, Takayama John I
Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Ofunato Hospital, Ofunato City, Iwate, Japan.
Department of Health Education and Health Sociology/Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2018 Mar;60(3):282-286. doi: 10.1111/ped.13468. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
Rikuzentakata was one of the cities most devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011. Many buildings were swept away or destroyed and affected families were placed into temporary housing. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of long-term temporary housing on the body mass index (BMI) of elementary school children living in Rikuzentakata City.
A retrospective cohort study was carried out of students attending 1st-3rd grade in 2010, and 4th-6th grade in 2013, in eight elementary schools in Rikuzentakata City. Height and weight were measured annually. We compared changes in BMI between children in temporary housing and those in permanent housing. Separately, parents of students attending one of the elementary schools were surveyed in 2013.
Of 526 children in the present study, 32% were living in temporary housing. The prevalence of obesity climbed from 5.3% in 2010 to 7.8% in 2013 in the temporary housing group, and from 7.6% to 7.8% in the permanent housing group. BMI z-score in the temporary housing group increased by 0.102 points between 2010 and 2013 (P < 0.02). Children in temporary housing spent more time reading comic books and their walking commute time had decreased by 2 min compared with before the disaster.
Obesity prevalence and BMI z-score increased in children in temporary housing compared with permanent housing. A more sedentary lifestyle may explain this trend. It is important for policy makers and health-care providers to recognize potential consequences of long-term residence in temporary housing.
陆前高田市是2011年3月11日东日本大地震受灾最严重的城市之一。许多建筑物被冲走或摧毁，受灾家庭被安置到临时住房中。本研究的目的是确定长期居住在临时住房对陆前高田市小学生体重指数（BMI）的影响。
对陆前高田市8所小学2010年一至三年级和2013年四至六年级的学生进行回顾性队列研究。每年测量身高和体重。我们比较了居住在临时住房和永久住房的儿童BMI的变化。另外，2013年对其中一所小学的学生家长进行了调查。
在本研究的526名儿童中，32%居住在临时住房中。临时住房组的肥胖患病率从2010年的5.3%上升到2013年的7.8%，永久住房组从7.6%上升到7.8%。2010年至2013年期间，临时住房组的BMI z评分增加了0.102分（P < 0.02）。与灾难前相比，居住在临时住房中的儿童花更多时间看漫画书，步行上学时间减少了2分钟。
与居住在永久住房中的儿童相比，居住在临时住房中的儿童肥胖患病率和BMI z评分有所增加。久坐不动的生活方式可能解释了这一趋势。政策制定者和医疗服务提供者认识到长期居住在临时住房中的潜在后果很重要。
