Dirección de Investigación en Transformación de Hidrocarburos, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, 07730, Mexico City, Mexico.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Nov 7;190(12):700. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-7083-7.
The energy reforms implemented in Mexico promote the use of ethanol in gasoline but exclude the country's ozone nonattainment areas oxygenated with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in view that further scientific studies are required. To address a potential implementation scenario in areas of ozone high VOC-sensitive regimes, the impact on performance and emissions characteristics between the regular MTBE fuel available and a formulated gasoline containing 10% v/v ethanol having similar Reid vapor pressure (RVP) were compared in a single cylinder spark-ignited engine and a set of tier I vehicles. Included in the assessment were the "criteria" pollutants (THC, CO, and NO), toxic compounds, and speciated hydrocarbons in order to calculate the ozone-forming potential (OFP). The change in combustion speed of ethanol fuel vs. regular gasoline seems to be small and depends mainly on base gasoline formulation. Vehicle dynamometer testing showed no statistically significant differences in the average THC, CO, and NO results when comparing both fuels. Statistically significant differences were seen in total speciated hydrocarbons, total carbonyls emitted, the increases in acetaldehyde emissions, and the decreases in OFP with E10. The results show roughly 20% increase in evaporative emissions when E10 is used, but the OFP of the emissions is lower than that of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City fuel (MAMC). The increase in the oxygen content using ethanol fuel seems to have no deleterious effect on the vintage of vehicles tested. Taking into consideration that the evaporative emissions standard in Mexico is less stringent than that in other countries, the substitution of the actual regular gasoline for ethanol fuels should uphold the least volatile AA class in areas with ozone problems.
墨西哥实施的能源改革促进了乙醇在汽油中的使用，但排除了该国臭氧不达标的地区使用甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）作为含氧剂，因为需要进一步的科学研究。为了应对臭氧高挥发性有机化合物（VOC）敏感地区的潜在实施情况，在单缸火花点火发动机和一组符合 Tier I 标准的车辆中，比较了常规 MTBE 燃料和具有相似雷德蒸气压（RVP）的 10%v/v 乙醇配方汽油之间的性能和排放特性。评估包括“标准”污染物（THC、CO 和 NO）、有毒化合物和特定碳氢化合物，以计算臭氧形成潜力（OFP）。乙醇燃料与常规汽油相比，燃烧速度的变化似乎很小，主要取决于基础汽油的配方。车辆动力计测试表明，比较两种燃料时，THC、CO 和 NO 的平均值没有统计学上的显著差异。在总特定碳氢化合物、总羰基化合物排放量、乙醛排放量增加以及 E10 时 OFP 降低方面，存在统计学上的显著差异。结果表明，使用 E10 时，蒸发排放增加了约 20%，但排放的 OFP 低于墨西哥城大都市区燃料（MAMC）。使用乙醇燃料增加含氧量似乎对测试车辆的老旧程度没有不利影响。考虑到墨西哥的蒸发排放标准比其他国家的标准更为宽松，在有臭氧问题的地区，用乙醇燃料替代实际的常规汽油应该坚持使用挥发性最低的 AA 类。
