Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, 12 rue du General Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg. 2019 Jan;1860(1):69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Transcription termination by the RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a fundamental step of gene expression that involves the release of the nascent transcript and dissociation of the RNAP from the DNA template. However, the functional importance of termination extends beyond the mere definition of the gene borders. Chloroplasts originate from cyanobacteria and possess their own gene expression system. Plastids have a unique hybrid transcription system consisting of two different types of RNAPs of dissimilar phylogenetic origin together with several additional nuclear encoded components. Although the basic components involved in chloroplast transcription have been identified, little attention has been paid to the chloroplast transcription termination. Recent identification and functional characterization of novel factors in regulating transcription termination in Arabidopsis chloroplasts via genetic and biochemical approaches have provided insights into the mechanisms and significance of transcription termination in chloroplast gene expression. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the transcription termination in chloroplasts.
RNA 聚合酶 (RNAP) 的转录终止是基因表达的一个基本步骤，它涉及到新生转录本的释放和 RNAP 从 DNA 模板上的解离。然而，终止的功能重要性不仅仅局限于定义基因边界。叶绿体起源于蓝细菌，拥有自己的基因表达系统。质体具有独特的混合转录系统，由两种不同类型的具有不同系统发生起源的 RNAP 以及几个额外的核编码组成部分组成。尽管已经鉴定出参与叶绿体转录的基本成分，但对叶绿体转录终止的关注甚少。最近通过遗传和生化方法鉴定和功能表征了调控拟南芥叶绿体转录终止的新型因子，为理解叶绿体基因表达中转录终止的机制和意义提供了线索。本综述概述了目前对叶绿体转录终止的认识。
