Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil; Curso de Farmácia, Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso, Associação Juinense de Ensino Superior (AJES), Juína, MT 78320-000, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Mar 1;231:113-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Virola elongata is a tree species belonging to the Myristicaceae family, distributed in the North and Midwest regions of Brazil, in the phytogeographic domain of the Amazon. The aqueous infusion or the hydroethanolic macerate of the stem bark of V. elongata are used in Brazilian and Ecuadorian indigenous folk medicine for several ethnopharmacological purposes, principally, in the treatment of stomach pain, indigestions, and gastric ulcers. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity of this plant in order to support its popular use with scientific evidence.
The stem bark hydroethanolic extract of the plant (HEVe) was prepared by maceration. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated by classical colorimetric techniques, HPLC, and electrospray ionization-multiple stage fragmentation (ESI-MS). The gastroprotective and antiulcer activity of HEVe at doses of 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg p.o. were tested using three acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam, and in-water-restrain stress), and one chronic (acetic acid) animal ulcer models. The probable mode of action of the HEVe was evaluated by analyzing gastric acid secretion, mucus content, nitric oxide effect, and its antioxidant properties (on catalase, myeloperoxidase, and GSH content) in experimental rodents. The direct extract's activity on the growth of Helicobacter pylori was also investigated.
Total phenolic content in the HEVe was of 146.20 ± 1.07 mg, being flavonoids about 50% (71.79 ± 0.70 mg) of it. Comparative HPLC fingerprint analysis revealed the presence of known phenolic antiulcer compounds, such as gallic acid, catechin, and rutin. Also, methanol/water fractionation and ESI-MS analysis of the HEVe reveals the presence of quinic acid, 3,3',4-trihydroxystilbene, juruenolid D, one catechin dimer, one C-glycosyl flavonoid, one polyketide and two neolignans as the major components of the extract. The HEVe attenuated gastric ulceration in all the different models of acute gastric ulcer, by enhancing gastroprotection through its antioxidant properties in vivo, and reducing also considerably the gastric secretion and total acidity. The HEVe also presented healing properties against the induced chronic ulceration process. On the other hand, the HEVe did not exhibit direct activity against H. pylori.
The HEVe exhibited significant gastroprotective/antiulcer effects and contain a relative high proportion of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, that could likely account, at least in part, for its pharmacological properties. The results justify its traditional usage and provided scientific evidence for its potential as a new herbal medicine to treat gastric ulcers.
Virola elongata 是樟科植物的一个树种，分布于巴西北部和中西部地区，在亚马逊的植物地理区域。巴西和厄瓜多尔的土著民间医学用该树种的茎皮水醇浸剂或水醇提取物治疗多种民族药理学病症，主要用于治疗胃痛、消化不良和胃溃疡。本研究旨在调查该植物的胃保护活性，以便用科学证据支持其民间用途。
通过浸提制备植物的茎皮水醇提取物（HEVe）。采用经典比色法、HPLC 和电喷雾电离-多级碎裂（ESI-MS）研究其定性和定量的植物化学成分。用三种急性（酸化乙醇、吡罗昔康和水中应激）和一种慢性（乙酸）动物溃疡模型，测试 HEVe 剂量为 100、300 和 900mg/kg 时的胃保护和抗溃疡活性。通过分析实验动物的胃酸分泌、粘液含量、一氧化氮作用及其抗氧化特性（对过氧化氢酶、髓过氧化物酶和 GSH 含量），评估 HEVe 的可能作用机制。还研究了直接提取物对幽门螺杆菌生长的活性。
HEVe 中的总酚含量为 146.20±1.07mg，其中黄酮类化合物约占 50%（71.79±0.70mg）。比较 HPLC 指纹分析显示存在已知的抗溃疡酚类化合物，如没食子酸、儿茶素和芦丁。此外，HEVe 的甲醇/水分级和 ESI-MS 分析表明存在奎宁酸、3,3',4-三羟基芪、Juruenolid D、一种儿茶素二聚体、一种 C-糖基黄酮、一种聚酮和两种新木脂素作为提取物的主要成分。HEVe 通过体内抗氧化特性增强胃保护作用，减轻胃酸分泌和总酸度，从而减轻所有不同类型的急性胃溃疡模型中的胃溃疡。HEVe 还表现出对诱导的慢性溃疡过程的愈合作用。另一方面，HEVe 对幽门螺杆菌没有直接活性。
HEVe 表现出显著的胃保护/抗溃疡作用，并且含有相对较高比例的酚类化合物，特别是黄酮类化合物，这可能至少部分解释了其药理特性。结果证明了其传统用途，并为其作为治疗胃溃疡的新草药的潜在用途提供了科学依据。
