Malhotra Savita, Sahoo Swapnajeet
Departments of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Ind Psychiatry J. 2018 Jan-Jun;27(1):11-16. doi: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_29_17.
Depression in children and adolescents is a growing health problem in the 21 century. There is growing evidence that depression poses a significant risk in the developmental trajectory of children and adolescents. It is important to identify the antecedents of depression in this vulnerable group of individuals so as to develop specific and effective preventable techniques and strategies. In this brief review, we have tried to highlight the specific antecedents of childhood and adolescence depression on which evidence is available in a structured manner. Antecedents identified in childhood and adolescent depression were categorized into biological factors, temperament, cognitive vulnerability, family factors, sociodemographic factors, academic factors, changing social milieu, school factors, and peer group influence along with the emergence of the recentproblem of excessive social networking use. Biological and psychosocial factors are equally important in the development of depression in this age group. Antecedents of childhood and adolescence depression can be targeted both to prevent and intervene depression in this population.
儿童和青少年抑郁症是21世纪日益严重的健康问题。越来越多的证据表明，抑郁症在儿童和青少年的发育轨迹中构成重大风险。识别这一弱势群体中抑郁症的先兆，对于开发具体有效的预防技术和策略非常重要。在这篇简短的综述中，我们试图以结构化的方式突出有证据支持的儿童期和青少年期抑郁症的具体先兆。在儿童期和青少年期抑郁症中识别出的先兆被分为生物因素、气质、认知易感性、家庭因素、社会人口学因素、学业因素、不断变化的社会环境、学校因素、同伴群体影响以及最近出现的过度使用社交网络这一问题。生物因素和心理社会因素在这个年龄组抑郁症的发展中同样重要。儿童期和青少年期抑郁症的先兆既可以作为预防目标，也可以作为干预这一人群抑郁症的目标。
