Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy,
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2014 Jan;42(1):137-48. doi: 10.1007/s10802-013-9765-5.
The current multi-wave longitudinal study on childhood examined the role that social and academic self-efficacy beliefs and cognitive vulnerabilities play in predicting depressive symptoms in response to elevations in idiographic stressors. Children (N = 554; males: 51.4 %) attending second and third grade completed measures of depressive symptoms, negative cognitive styles, negative life events, and academic and social self-efficacy beliefs at four time-points over 6 months. Results showed that high levels of academic and social self-efficacy beliefs predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms, whereas negative cognitive styles about consequences predicted higher depression. Furthermore, children reporting higher social self-efficacy beliefs showed a smaller elevation in levels of depressive symptoms when reporting an increases in stress than children with lower social self-efficacy beliefs. Findings point to the role of multiple factors in predicting children's depression in the long term and commend the promotion of self-efficacy beliefs and the modification of cognitive dysfunctional styles as relevant protective factors.
目前针对儿童的多波纵向研究考察了社会和学业自我效能信念以及认知脆弱性在预测对特质性应激源升高时的抑郁症状中的作用。参加二、三年级的 554 名儿童（男性：51.4%）在 6 个月的 4 个时间点上完成了抑郁症状、消极认知风格、消极生活事件以及学业和社会自我效能信念的测量。结果表明，高学业和社会自我效能信念预示着较低的抑郁症状水平，而关于后果的消极认知风格则预示着更高的抑郁水平。此外，与社会自我效能信念较低的儿童相比，报告较高社会自我效能信念的儿童在报告压力增加时，抑郁症状的升高幅度较小。研究结果指出了多种因素在长期预测儿童抑郁方面的作用，并赞扬了促进自我效能信念和改变认知功能障碍风格作为相关保护因素的作用。
