Dehghani Naghmeh, Afsharmanesh Mohsen, Salarmoini Mohammad, Ebrahimnejad Hadi, Bitaraf Ahmad
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Heliyon. 2018 Nov 2;4(10):e00881. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00881. eCollection 2018 Oct.
An experiment was conducted to show the effects of different levels of pennyroyal, thyme and savory essential oils dietary supplementation on performance, organs weight, intestinal morphology, and serum lipids in quails. A total of 550 day-old Japanese quail chicks were allocated into 11 dietary treatments of 5 replications (10 birds in each cage) under a randomized experimental design. The treatments were a basal diet (Control), or 3 levels (200, 300, and 400 ppm) of thyme essential oil (TO), or 3 levels (200, 300, and 400 ppm) of savory essential oil (SO), or 3 levels (200, 300, and 400 ppm) of pennyroyal essential oil (PO) added separately to the basal diet, or also the basal diet supplemented with 100 ppm of flavophospholipol. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly and calculated totally for 35 d. The organs weight and morphology of intestine parts of one bird from each cage were measured on 35 d. At the same day, blood samples were collected and cholesterol and triglyceride values were separately determined for male and female quails. Although the addition of different levels of essential oils in quail's diet did not affect BWG, a significant decline in FI was observed in the group supplemented with 400 ppm of TO. At the same time, FCR significantly improved (P < 0.05) in the same group as well as in the group supplemented with the antibiotic. However, the organs weight was not significantly affected by the experimental treatments. Nevertheless, villi height of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was significantly increased and crypt depth was significantly decreased in the quails fed diets supplemented with different levels of TO and SO. The values of serum triglycerides decreased in both sexes in the groups that received diets supplemented with different levels of essential oils whereas the values of cholesterol decreased only in males of the essential oils supplemented groups. From the present observations it can be concluded that thyme and savory essential oils can improve FCR by decreasing FI through boosting the absorption of nutrients in intestine. These plant essential oils can replace antibiotic growth parameters without having any adverse effect on quail's health with thyme essential oil exerting the most effective activity.
进行了一项实验，以研究不同水平的薄荷油、百里香油和夏香薄荷精油日粮添加对鹌鹑生产性能、器官重量、肠道形态和血清脂质的影响。在随机试验设计下，将总共550只1日龄日本鹌鹑雏鸡分配到11种日粮处理中，每种处理重复5次（每个笼子10只鸟）。处理包括基础日粮（对照），或在基础日粮中分别添加3种水平（200、300和400 ppm）的百里香油（TO），或3种水平（200、300和400 ppm）的夏香薄荷精油（SO），或3种水平（200、300和400 ppm）的薄荷油（PO），以及基础日粮中添加100 ppm的黄霉素。每周测量体重增加（BWG）、采食量（FI）和饲料转化率（FCR），并在35天内进行总计计算。在第35天测量每个笼子中一只鸟的器官重量和肠道各部分的形态。同一天，采集血液样本，分别测定雄性和雌性鹌鹑的胆固醇和甘油三酯值。虽然在鹌鹑日粮中添加不同水平的精油对BWG没有影响，但在添加400 ppm TO的组中观察到FI显著下降。同时，该组以及添加抗生素的组中FCR显著改善（P<0.05）。然而，实验处理对器官重量没有显著影响。尽管如此，在饲喂添加不同水平TO和SO日粮的鹌鹑中，十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著增加，隐窝深度显著降低。在接受添加不同水平精油日粮的组中，两性的血清甘油三酯值均下降，而仅在添加精油组的雄性中胆固醇值下降。从目前的观察结果可以得出结论，百里香油和夏香薄荷精油可以通过促进肠道营养吸收来降低FI，从而提高FCR。这些植物精油可以替代抗生素生长参数，对鹌鹑健康没有任何不利影响，其中百里香油的活性最为有效。
