Morozov Alexey V, Karpov Vadim L
W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
Heliyon. 2018 Nov 2;4(10):e00894. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00894. eCollection 2018 Oct.
Cell homeostasis and regulation of metabolic pathways are ensured by synthesis, proper folding and efficient degradation of a vast amount of proteins. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) degrades most intracellular proteins and thus, participates in regulation of cellular metabolism. Within the UPS, proteasomes are the elements that perform substrate cleavage. However, the proteasomes in the organism are diverse. Structurally different proteasomes are present not only in different types of cells, but also in a single cell. The reason for proteasome heterogeneity is not fully understood. This review briefly encompasses mammalian proteasome structure and function, and discusses biological relevance of proteasome diversity for a range of important cellular functions including internal and external signaling.
大量蛋白质的合成、正确折叠和有效降解确保了细胞内稳态和代谢途径的调节。泛素-蛋白酶体系统（UPS）降解大多数细胞内蛋白质，因此参与细胞代谢的调节。在UPS中，蛋白酶体是执行底物切割的元件。然而，生物体内的蛋白酶体是多种多样的。结构不同的蛋白酶体不仅存在于不同类型的细胞中，也存在于单个细胞中。蛋白酶体异质性的原因尚未完全了解。本综述简要介绍了哺乳动物蛋白酶体的结构和功能，并讨论了蛋白酶体多样性对一系列重要细胞功能（包括内部和外部信号传导）的生物学意义。
