Ugwu A O, Madu A J, Efobi C C, Ibegbulam O G
Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku/Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Department of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2018 Nov;21(11):1438-1443. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_346_17.
Despite increasing need for blood donation in medical practice, little is known about pattern of blood donation and characteristics of blood donors in some African populations like Nigeria. This information is necessary in designing strategies and policies for improving blood transfusion services in Africa.
The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of blood donation and characteristics of blood donors in Enugu, Southeast, Nigeria.
A cross-sectional study of 3377 blood donors at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria from May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Information sought included donors' sociodemographic characteristics; type of blood donor: Voluntary nonremunerated donor (VNRD), family replacement donor (FRD), or paid donor (PD); willingness to become VNRD in the future after counseling and education (at point of entry to blood bank) on its benefits to clinical practice; hemoglobin (Hb) level; and transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs).
Mean age of blood donors was 28.8 ± 8.5 years, majority were male (3011, 89.2%) and students (1289, 32.8%). FRDs were the highest in number (1998, 59.2%), followed by PDs (746, 22.1%) and finally VNRDs (633, 18.7%). Of the 3377 persons that came for blood donation, 2537 (75.1%) were found eligible to donate while 840 (24.9%) were deferred on account of low Hb (602/3377, 17.8%) or positive infectious screening test (238/3377, 7.0%). The odds of a male donor being a VNRD were about one and half times that of a female donor (582/3011 [19.3%] vs. 51/366 [13.9%]; odds ratio: 1.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.09-2.02; P = 0.01). After counseling of FRDs and PDs, majority (54.3%) were willing to become VNRDs in the future. Donors' age >30 years, being of male sex, having tertiary level of education, and being employed were strongly associated with willingness to become VNRDs in the future (P < 0.001).
VNRD made up <20% of the total number of donors in Enugu, Nigeria. There is a need for improvement in public enlightenment on the need for VNRDs and employment opportunities of the populace to improve voluntary blood donation.
尽管在医学实践中对献血的需求不断增加，但对于一些非洲人群（如尼日利亚人）的献血模式和献血者特征却知之甚少。这些信息对于制定改善非洲输血服务的策略和政策至关重要。
本研究旨在确定尼日利亚东南部埃努古地区的献血模式和献血者特征。
对2016年5月1日至2017年4月30日期间在尼日利亚埃努古一家三级医院的3377名献血者进行横断面研究。收集的信息包括献血者的社会人口学特征；献血者类型：自愿无偿献血者（VNRD）、家庭替代献血者（FRD）或有偿献血者（PD）；在血库入口处接受关于其对临床实践益处的咨询和教育后，未来成为VNRD的意愿；血红蛋白（Hb）水平；以及输血传播感染（TTI）。
献血者的平均年龄为28.8±8.5岁，大多数为男性（3011名，89.2%）和学生（1289名，32.8%）。FRD数量最多（1998名，59.2%），其次是PD（746名，22.1%），最后是VNRD（633名，18.7%）。在3377名前来献血的人中，2537名（75.1%）被认为符合献血条件，而840名（24.9%）因Hb水平低（602/3377，17.8%）或感染筛查试验呈阳性（238/3377，7.0%）而被推迟献血。男性献血者成为VNRD的几率约为女性献血者的1.5倍（582/3011 [19.3%] 对51/366 [13.9%]；优势比：1.48；95%置信区间：1.09 - 2.02；P = 0.01）。在对FRD和PD进行咨询后，大多数（54.3%）愿意未来成为VNRD。献血者年龄>30岁、男性、受过高等教育和有工作与未来成为VNRD的意愿密切相关（P < 0.001）。
在尼日利亚埃努古，VNRD占献血者总数的比例不到20%。有必要加强关于VNRD必要性的公众宣传以及民众的就业机会，以改善自愿献血情况。
