Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK.
Obes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Jan-Feb;13(1):6-11. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Nov 10.
To examine the changes in children's weight-for-height at six monthly intervals between birth and three years old (3yo) from different counties across Chile and to determine if children had overweight or obesity, and if so, whether it was a transient or persistent change.
Longitudinal data were obtained from routine medical check-ups and 8,373 children were selected from nine counties in Chile through a non-randomised sample design. Weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) were generated and categorized as wasted, normal, overweight, and obese using WHO standards. Repeated-measures ANOVA were used to analyse the changes in WHZ over the seven measurements as well as based on having normal, overweight, or obese WHZ at 3yo. The number of times having overweight or obesity was counted (from 0 to 7 times). The timing of having overweight and obesity was computed as well as all combinations of the patterns.
Mean WHZ significantly increased up to 18months of age and declined thereafter (p<<0.001). Overall mean WHZ was 0.743, prevalence of overweight 31.2% and prevalence of obesity 10.0%. Children categorised with overweight or obesity at 3yo showed significantly higher and sustained pattern of weight gain compared with children with normal WHZ. Once a child had overweight or obesity they tended to remain with it and did not return to a weight-for-height in the normal range.
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chilean children is of concern. There is a need for greater healthcare promotion and prevention of this disease from infancy.
研究智利不同县出生后至 3 岁（3 岁）期间儿童每隔 6 个月身高体重比的变化，并确定儿童是否超重或肥胖，如果是，这种变化是暂时的还是持久的。
通过非随机抽样设计，从智利 9 个县的常规医疗检查中获取了纵向数据，并选择了 8373 名儿童作为研究对象。根据世界卫生组织的标准，生成身高体重 z 评分（WHZ），并将其分为消瘦、正常、超重和肥胖。使用重复测量方差分析来分析 7 次测量中 WHZ 的变化情况，以及根据 3 岁时 WHZ 正常、超重或肥胖进行分析。计算超重或肥胖的次数（从 0 次到 7 次）。还计算了超重和肥胖的发生时间以及所有模式的组合。
平均 WHZ 在 18 个月前显著增加，此后下降（p<<0.001）。总体平均 WHZ 为 0.743，超重的患病率为 31.2%，肥胖的患病率为 10.0%。3 岁时被归类为超重或肥胖的儿童体重增长明显更高且持续，与 WHZ 正常的儿童相比。一旦儿童超重或肥胖，他们往往会持续保持这种状态，体重不会恢复到正常范围内。
智利儿童超重和肥胖的患病率不断上升令人担忧。需要从婴儿期开始加强医疗保健宣传和预防这种疾病。
