Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Int Wound J. 2019 Feb;16(1):226-232. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13016. Epub 2018 Nov 15.
This cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted in hospitals to investigate nutritional interventions conducted in patients aged 70 years or older with (risk of) pressure injuries. A total of 1412 patients from 33 hospitals with 208 wards participated in the study. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data on care dependency, malnutrition risk, risk for/prevalence of pressure injuries, and nutritional interventions. Data analyses were conducted by using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, or independent t-tests. According to the Braden Scale, 678 (48.0%) of the patients were at risk of developing pressure injuries, and 71 patients (5.0%) had at least one pressure injury (assessed by skin inspection). The most frequently conducted nutritional interventions in patients with pressure injuries were providing support during mealtimes (50.7%), food specifically desired by the patient (40.8%), and conducting a malnutrition screening (39.4%). One quarter of the patients with pressure injuries were referred to a dietitian. The provision of an energy-enriched/protein-enriched diet (18.3%), energy-enriched/protein-enriched snacks (12.7%), or oral nutritional supplements (8.5%) was rare. Nutritional care in older patients with risk of pressure injuries is suboptimal. Health care professionals need to raise awareness regarding the importance of nutrition in the management of patients with pressure injuries.
这项横断面、多中心研究在医院进行，旨在调查针对 70 岁及以上（有/无）压疮风险的患者所开展的营养干预措施。共有来自 33 家医院 208 个病房的 1412 名患者参与了这项研究。研究使用标准化问卷收集了人口统计学数据以及与护理依赖、营养不良风险、压疮风险/发生率以及营养干预措施相关的数据。数据分析采用描述性统计、卡方检验或独立 t 检验。根据布雷登压疮风险评估量表，678 名（48.0%）患者存在发生压疮的风险，71 名（5.0%）患者至少有一处压疮（通过皮肤检查评估）。在有压疮的患者中，最常实施的营养干预措施是在进餐时提供支持（50.7%）、提供患者特别想吃的食物（40.8%）以及进行营养不良筛查（39.4%）。四分之一的压疮患者被转介给营养师。提供能量和/或蛋白质丰富的饮食（18.3%）、能量和/或蛋白质丰富的零食（12.7%）或口服营养补充剂（8.5%）的情况较为少见。存在压疮风险的老年患者的营养护理欠佳。医疗保健专业人员需要提高对营养在压疮患者管理中的重要性的认识。
