Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany.
New Phytol. 2019 Apr;222(1):84-90. doi: 10.1111/nph.15593. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
Contents Summary 84 I. Introduction 84 II. Stomatal form and biomechanics 85 III. Stomatal function 86 IV. Evolution of guard cell ion channels 87 V. Conclusions 88 Acknowledgements 88 Author contributions 88 References 88 SUMMARY: Stomatal pores with apertures that can be adjusted by changes in guard cell turgor have facilitated plant success in dry environments. We explore their evolutionary origins, considering recent findings from bryophytes. Unlike vascular plant stomata, which close to prevent water loss, bryophyte stomata become locked open to promote spore desiccation. We find that the families of ion channels, known to control stomatal movements in angiosperms, are ancient and represented across extant land plants. However, although angiosperm guard cells express specific ion channel genes, none appear specifically expressed in stomata-bearing moss tissues. Given the evolutionary shift in stomatal function from promotion to prevention of water loss, we postulate that ion channels adopted guard cell-specific functions after the divergence of bryophytes.
内容摘要 84 I. 引言 84 II. 气孔形态和生物力学 85 III. 气孔功能 86 IV. 保卫细胞离子通道的进化 87 V. 结论 88 致谢 88 作者贡献 88 参考文献 88 摘要：具有可通过保卫细胞膨压变化调节的孔径的气孔，促进了植物在干燥环境中的成功。我们探讨了它们的进化起源，考虑了最近从苔藓植物中获得的发现。与关闭以防止水分流失的维管植物气孔不同，苔藓植物气孔会被锁定打开以促进孢子干燥。我们发现，控制被子植物气孔运动的离子通道家族是古老的，存在于现存的陆地植物中。然而，尽管被子植物保卫细胞表达特定的离子通道基因，但在具有气孔的苔藓组织中似乎没有特定表达的基因。鉴于气孔功能从促进水分流失到防止水分流失的进化转变，我们推测离子通道在苔藓植物分化后采用了保卫细胞特异性功能。
