IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 1;654:190-196. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.272. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
Reports of enteric bacteria in Antarctic wildlife have suggested its spread from people to seabirds and seals, but evidence is scarce and fragmentary. We investigated the occurrence of zoonotic enteric bacteria in seabirds across the Antarctic and subantarctic region; for comparison purposes, in addition to seabirds, poultry in a subantarctic island was also sampled. Three findings suggest reverse zoonosis from humans to seabirds: the detection of a zoonotic Salmonella serovar (ser. Enteritidis) and Campylobacter species (e.g. C. jejuni), typical of human infections; the resistance of C. lari isolates to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, antibiotics commonly used in human and veterinary medicine; and most importantly, the presence of C. jejuni genotypes mostly found in humans and domestic animals but rarely or never found in wild birds so far. We also show further spread of zoonotic agents among Antarctic wildlife is facilitated by substantial connectivity among populations of opportunistic seabirds, notably skuas (Stercorarius). Our results highlight the need for even stricter biosecurity measures to limit human impacts in Antarctica.
南极洲野生动物中肠细菌的报告表明，这些细菌可能从人类传播到海鸟和海豹身上，但证据稀缺且零碎。我们调查了整个南极洲和亚南极地区海鸟中肠传染病细菌的发生情况；为了进行比较，除了海鸟外，我们还在一个亚南极岛屿上采样了家禽。有三个发现表明了从人类到海鸟的反向人畜共患病：检测到一种人畜共患沙门氏菌血清型（肠炎血清型）和弯曲杆菌种（例如空肠弯曲杆菌），这是人类感染的典型特征；C. lari 分离株对环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的耐药性，这两种抗生素常用于人类和兽医医学；最重要的是，存在大多数在人类和家畜中发现的空肠弯曲杆菌基因型，但迄今为止在野生鸟类中很少或从未发现过。我们还表明，机会主义海鸟（主要是贼鸥）种群之间的大量连通性促进了人畜共患病原体在南极野生动物中的进一步传播。我们的研究结果强调需要采取更严格的生物安全措施，以限制人类在南极洲的影响。
