Jones Grant, Keuthen Nancy, Greenberg Erica
The OCD and Related Disorders Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
The OCD and Related Disorders Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Clin Dermatol. 2018 Nov-Dec;36(6):728-736. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.08.008. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
Recommendations are provided for the assessment and treatment of trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder, or HPD) and excoriation disorder (skin picking disorder, or SPD), two body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) disorders, based on their severity, comorbidities, and behavioral style. Habit reversal training (HRT) and stimulus control are first-line behavioral treatments that can be used in cases of all severity levels and may be particularly helpful when pulling or picking is performed with lowered awareness/intention. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are behavioral treatments that can be employed to augment HRT/stimulus control, especially when negative emotions trigger the pulling or picking. There are currently no FDA-approved pharmacologic treatments for HPD or SPD, though certain medications/supplements have shown varying degrees of efficacy in trials. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) should be considered for all severity levels and styles given its moderate gain/low side effect profile. Other pharmacologic interventions, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), should be considered in cases with significant comorbidities or previous behavioral/NAC treatment failure.
本文基于拔毛癖(毛发拉扯障碍,或HPD)和皮肤搔抓障碍(皮肤搔抓障碍,或SPD)这两种聚焦身体的重复行为(BFRB)障碍的严重程度、共病情况和行为方式,提供了相应的评估和治疗建议。习惯逆转训练(HRT)和刺激控制是一线行为治疗方法,可用于所有严重程度的病例,当在意识/意图降低的情况下进行拉扯或搔抓时可能特别有帮助。接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)和辩证行为疗法(DBT)是可用于增强HRT/刺激控制的行为治疗方法,特别是当负面情绪引发拉扯或搔抓时。目前尚无FDA批准的用于治疗HPD或SPD的药物治疗方法,不过某些药物/补充剂在试验中显示出不同程度的疗效。鉴于N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)疗效适中/副作用较小,所有严重程度和行为方式的病例均应考虑使用。对于有显著共病情况或先前行为治疗/NAC治疗失败的病例,应考虑其他药物干预措施,包括选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)。