Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 16;8(1):16929. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35251-4.
The production of many food items processed from wheat grain relies on the use of high gluten strength flours. As a result, about 80% of the allelic variability in the genes encoding the glutenin proteins has been lost in the shift from landraces to modern cultivars. Here, the allelic variability in the genes encoding the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) has been characterized in 152 durum wheat lines developed from a set of landraces. The allelic composition at the two Glu-1 loci (Glu-A1 and -B1) was obtained at both the protein and the DNA level. The former locus was represented by three alleles, of which the null allele Glu-A1c was the most common. The Glu-B1 locus was more variable, with fifteen alleles represented, of which Glu-B1b (HMW-GSs 7 + 8), -B1d (6 + 8) and -B1e (20 + 20) were the most frequently occurring. The composition of HMW-GSs has been used to make inferences regarding the diffusion and diversification of durum wheat. The relationships of these allelic frequencies with their geographical distribution within the Mediterranean basin is discussed in terms of gene-ecology.
许多以小麦为原料加工而成的食品都依赖于高面筋强度面粉的使用。因此，在从地方品种向现代品种的转变过程中，编码谷蛋白的基因中的大约 80%的等位基因变异已经丢失。在这里，从一组地方品种中开发的 152 个硬质小麦品系中，对编码高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）的基因的等位基因变异进行了特征描述。在 Glu-1 两个基因座（Glu-A1 和 -B1）的等位基因组成在蛋白质和 DNA 水平上都获得了。前者由三个等位基因组成，其中无功能等位基因 Glu-A1c 最为常见。Glu-B1 基因座更为多样化，有 15 个等位基因组成，其中 Glu-B1b（HMW-GS 7+8）、-B1d（6+8）和 -B1e（20+20）最为常见。HMW-GS 的组成被用来推断硬粒小麦的扩散和多样化。讨论了这些等位基因频率与它们在地中海盆地内的地理分布之间的关系，从基因生态学的角度进行了讨论。
