Nazco R, Peña R J, Ammar K, Villegas D, Crossa J, Moragues M, Royo C
IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology) , Field Crops Section, Rovira Roure, 191, E-25198 Lleida , Spain.
CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) , 06600 México, DF , México.
J Agric Sci. 2014 Jun;152(3):379-393. doi: 10.1017/S0021859613000117. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
The allelic composition at five glutenin loci was assessed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) on a set of 155 landraces (from 21 Mediterranean countries) and 18 representative modern varieties. Gluten strength was determined by SDS-sedimentation on samples grown under rainfed conditions during 3 years in north-eastern Spain. One hundred and fourteen alleles/banding patterns were identified (25 at and 89 at / loci); 0·85 of them were in landraces at very low frequency and 0·72 were unreported. Genetic diversity index was 0·71 for landraces and 0·38 for modern varieties. All modern varieties exhibited medium to strong gluten type with none of their 13 banding patterns having a significant effect on gluten-strength type. Ten banding patterns significantly affected gluten strength in landraces. Alleles (band 20), (band 6), (bands 6 + 11), (bands 2 + 4+15 + 19) and (band 12) significantly increased the SDS-value, and their effects were associated with their frequency. Two alleles, (band 5) and (null), significantly reduced gluten strength, but only the effect of the latter locus could be associated with its frequency. Only three rare banding patterns affected gluten strength significantly: (band 7), found in six landraces, had a negative effect, whereas banding patterns 2 + 4+14 + 15 + 18 and 2 + 4+15 + 18 + 19 at had a positive effect. Landraces with outstanding gluten strength were more frequent in eastern than in western Mediterranean countries. The geographical pattern displayed from the frequencies of is discussed.
通过一维十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（1D SDS - PAGE）对一组155个地方品种（来自21个地中海国家）和18个代表性现代品种的五个麦谷蛋白位点的等位基因组成进行了评估。在西班牙东北部，对在雨养条件下种植3年的样本进行SDS沉降试验来测定面筋强度。共鉴定出114个等位基因/条带模式（Glu - A1位点有25个，Glu - B1和Glu - D1位点有89个）；其中0.85在地方品种中出现频率极低，0.72未曾报道过。地方品种的遗传多样性指数为0.71，现代品种为0.38。所有现代品种均表现为中强面筋类型，其13种条带模式中没有一种对面筋强度类型有显著影响。有10种条带模式对地方品种的面筋强度有显著影响。等位基因Glu - A1（条带20）、Glu - B1（条带6）、Glu - B1（条带6 + 11）、Glu - D1（条带2 + 4 + 15 + 19）和Glu - D1（条带12）显著提高了SDS值，且它们的效应与其频率相关。两个等位基因，Glu - A1（条带5）和Glu - D1（无效），显著降低面筋强度，但只有后一个位点的效应与其频率相关。只有三种罕见的条带模式对面筋强度有显著影响：在六个地方品种中发现的Glu - B1（条带7）有负面影响，而Glu - B1位点的条带模式2 + 4 + 14 + 15 + 18和2 + 4 + 15 + 18 + 19有正面影响。面筋强度突出的地方品种在地中海东部国家比西部国家更为常见。文中讨论了由Glu - D1频率呈现出的地理模式。
