Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 16;9(1):4839. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07082-4.
Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but the drivers of these relationships are poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to promote multiple services, we investigated the relationships between 12 stand-level forest attributes, including structure, composition, heterogeneity and plant diversity, plus 4 environmental factors, and proxies for 14 ecosystem services in 150 temperate forest plots. Our results show that forest attributes are the best predictors of most ecosystem services and are also good predictors of several synergies and trade-offs between services. Environmental factors also play an important role, mostly in combination with forest attributes. Our study suggests that managing forests to increase structural heterogeneity, maintain large trees, and canopy gaps would promote the supply of multiple ecosystem services. These results highlight the potential for forest management to encourage multifunctional forests and suggest that a coordinated landscape-scale strategy could help to mitigate trade-offs in human-dominated landscapes.
森林生态系统服务的权衡与协同普遍存在，但这些关系的驱动因素却知之甚少。为了指导旨在促进多种服务的管理，我们调查了 150 个温带森林样地中 12 个林分水平的森林属性（包括结构、组成、异质性和植物多样性）与 4 个环境因素以及 14 个生态系统服务的代理之间的关系。研究结果表明，森林属性是大多数生态系统服务的最佳预测因子，也是服务之间协同作用和权衡的良好预测因子。环境因素也起着重要作用，主要与森林属性相结合。我们的研究表明，通过管理森林来增加结构异质性、保持大树和林冠空隙，可以促进多种生态系统服务的供应。这些结果突出了森林管理促进多功能森林的潜力，并表明协调景观尺度的战略可能有助于缓解以人为主导的景观中的权衡。
