高强度跳跃干预对青少年运动员骨量、骨刚度和体能参数的影响。
The effect of a high-impact jumping intervention on bone mass, bone stiffness and fitness parameters in adolescent athletes.
机构信息
Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
出版信息
Arch Osteoporos. 2018 Nov 17;13(1):128. doi: 10.1007/s11657-018-0543-4.
UNLABELLED
This study demonstrates that a 9-month jumping intervention can improve bone mass gains and physical fitness performance in adolescent males participating in non-osteogenic sports, such as swimming and cycling.
PURPOSE
To examine the effect of a jumping intervention on bone mass, bone stiffness and fitness parameters in adolescents involved in different sports.
METHODS
Ninety-three adolescent male swimmers (SWI), footballers (FOO) and cyclists (CYC) were randomised to intervention (INT) and sport (INT-SWI = 19, INT-FOO = 15, INT-CYC = 14) or sport only (CON-SWI = 18, CON-FOO = 15, CON-CYC = 12) groups. The 9-month jumping intervention consisted of 3 levels (12 weeks each) of 20 repetitions per set of counter movement jumps (CMJ) using adjustable weight vests (level 1 = 20 CMJ jumps/set, 0 kg, 3 sets/day, 3 times/week; level 2 = 20 CMJ jumps/set, 2 kg, 4 sets/day, 3 times/week; level 3 = 20 CMJ jumps/set, 5 kg, 4 sets/day, 4 times/week). Total body bone mineral content (BMC) at total body less head (TBLH) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone stiffness using quantitative ultrasound. Fitness was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run (20mSRT), CMJ and standing long jump (SLJ) tests.
RESULTS
INT-SWI had significantly higher increase in BMC legs and bone stiffness compared to CON-SWI (4.2-12.7%). INT-CYC had significantly higher increase in BMC at TBLH and legs and bone stiffness compared to CON-CYC (5.0-12.3%). There were no significant differences between INT-FOO and CON-FOO in any bone outcomes (0.9-3.9%). The increase in CMJ performance was significantly higher in INT-SWI (3.1 cm) and INT-CYC (3.2 cm) compared to CON-SWI and CON-CYC groups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
A 9-month jumping intervention can improve bone mass, bone stiffness and muscular fitness in adolescent males participating in non-osteogenic sports, such as swimming and cycling.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN17982776.
本研究表明，为期 9 个月的跳跃干预可以提高参与非成骨运动（如游泳和自行车）的青少年男性的骨量增益和身体素质表现。
目的
研究跳跃干预对参与不同运动的青少年的骨量、骨刚度和身体素质参数的影响。
方法
93 名青少年男性游泳运动员（SWI）、足球运动员（FOO）和自行车运动员（CYC）被随机分为干预组（INT）和运动组（INT-SWI=19、INT-FOO=15、INT-CYC=14）或仅运动组（CON-SWI=18、CON-FOO=15、CON-CYC=12）。为期 9 个月的跳跃干预包括 3 个水平（每个水平 12 周），每组 20 次的反跳（CMJ），使用可调节重量背心（第 1 水平=20 次 CMJ 跳跃/组，0 公斤，3 组/天，每周 3 次；第 2 水平=20 次 CMJ 跳跃/组，2 公斤，4 组/天，每周 3 次；第 3 水平=20 次 CMJ 跳跃/组，5 公斤，4 组/天，每周 4 次）。使用双能 X 射线吸收法测量全身除头部外的骨矿物质含量（TBLH），使用定量超声测量骨刚度。通过 20 米穿梭跑（20mSRT）、CMJ 和站立跳远（SLJ）测试评估体能。
结果
与 CON-SWI 相比，INT-SWI 的腿部和骨刚度的 BMC 增加显著更高（4.2-12.7%）。与 CON-CYC 相比，INT-CYC 的 TBLH、腿部和骨刚度的 BMC 增加显著更高（5.0-12.3%）。INT-FOO 与 CON-FOO 之间在任何骨结果方面（0.9-3.9%）均无显著差异。与 CON-SWI 和 CON-CYC 组相比，INT-SWI（3.1cm）和 INT-CYC（3.2cm）的 CMJ 表现增加显著更高。
结论
为期 9 个月的跳跃干预可以提高参与非成骨运动（如游泳和自行车）的青少年男性的骨量、骨刚度和肌肉体能。
临床试验注册
ISRCTN81447465。
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