State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
Chemistry. 2019 Mar 1;25(13):3209-3218. doi: 10.1002/chem.201804747. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
Microporous carbons afford high surface areas, large pore volumes, and good conductivity, and are fascinating over a wide range of applications. Traditionally synthesized microporous carbon materials usually suffer from some limitations, such as poor accessibility and slow mass transport of molecules due to the micrometer-scale diffusion pathways and space confinement imposed by small pore sizes. Two-dimensional microporous carbon materials, denoted as microporous carbon nanosheets (MCNs), possess nanoscale thickness, which allows fast mass and heat transport along the z axis; thus overcoming the drawbacks of their bulk counterparts. Herein, recent breakthroughs in the synthetic strategies for MCNs are summarized. Three typical methods are discussed in detail with several examples: pyrolysis of organic precursors with 2D units, a templating method that uses wet chemistry, and the molten salt method. Among them, molecular-based assembly of MCNs in the liquid phase shows more controllable morphology, thickness, and pore size distribution. Finally, challenges in this research area are discussed to inspire future explorations.
微孔碳具有高比表面积、大孔体积和良好的导电性，在广泛的应用中具有吸引力。传统合成的微孔碳材料通常由于微米级扩散途径和小孔尺寸引起的空间限制，存在分子可及性差和质量传输缓慢等问题。二维微孔碳材料，称为微孔碳纳米片（MCNs），具有纳米级厚度，允许沿 z 轴快速进行质量和热传递；从而克服了其块状对应物的缺点。本文总结了 MCNs 的合成策略方面的最新突破。详细讨论了三种典型的方法，并通过几个实例进行了讨论：具有 2D 单元的有机前体的热解、使用湿法化学的模板法和熔融盐法。其中，液相中 MCNs 的基于分子的组装表现出更可控的形态、厚度和孔径分布。最后，讨论了该研究领域的挑战，以激发未来的探索。
