木质生物质热化学转化为能源、燃料和化学品的研究进展。

Advances in thermochemical conversion of woody biomass to energy, fuels and chemicals.

机构信息

Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China; Henan Centre for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

出版信息

Biotechnol Adv. 2019 Jul-Aug;37(4):589-597. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.004. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.004

PMID:30447327

Abstract

Biomass has been recognised as a promising resource for future energy and fuels. The biomass, originated from plants, is renewable and application of its derived energy and fuels is close to carbon-neutral by considering that the growing plants absorb CO for photosynthesis. However, the complex physical structure and chemical composition of the biomass significantly hinder its conversion to gaseous and liquid fuels. This paper reviews recent advances in biomass thermochemical conversion technologies for energy, liquid fuels and chemicals. Combustion process produces heat or heat and power from the biomass through oxidation reactions; however, this is a mature technology and has been successfully applied in industry. Therefore, this review will focus on the remaining three thermochemical processes, namely biomass pyrolysis, biomass thermal liquefaction and biomass gasification. For biomass pyrolysis, biomass pretreatment and application of catalysts can simplify the bio-oil composition and retain high yield. In biomass liquefaction, application of appropriate solvents and catalysts improves the liquid product quality and yield. Gaseous product from biomass gasification is relatively simple and can be further processed for useful products. Dual fluidised bed (DFB) gasification technology using steam as gasification agent provides an opportunity for achieving high hydrogen content and CO capture with application of appropriate catalytic bed materials. In addition, multi-staged gasification technology, and integrated biomass pyrolysis and gasification as well as gasification for poly-generation have attracted increasing attention.

摘要

生物质已被认为是未来能源和燃料的有前途的资源。生物质来源于植物，是可再生的，并且考虑到生长中的植物通过光合作用吸收 CO，其衍生能源和燃料的应用接近碳中和。然而，生物质复杂的物理结构和化学成分极大地阻碍了其向气态和液态燃料的转化。本文综述了生物质热化学转化技术在能源、液体燃料和化学品方面的最新进展。燃烧过程通过氧化反应从生物质中产生热量或热能和动力；然而，这是一项成熟的技术，已成功应用于工业。因此，本综述将重点介绍其余三种热化学过程，即生物质热解、生物质热液化和生物质气化。对于生物质热解，可以通过生物质预处理和催化剂的应用来简化生物油的组成并保持高收率。在生物质液化中，适当溶剂和催化剂的应用可以提高液体产物的质量和收率。生物质气化产生的气态产物相对简单，可以进一步加工成有用的产品。使用蒸汽作为气化剂的双流化床（DFB）气化技术为实现高氢含量和 CO 捕集提供了机会，同时应用适当的催化床材料。此外，多级气化技术、生物质热解和气化的集成以及多联产气化也引起了越来越多的关注。