Department of Overland Communication Ways, Foundations and Cadastral Survey, Politehnica University of Timișoara, Ioan Curea 1A, 300224 Timișoara, Romania.
Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 1;654:418-429. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.160. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
Throughout the history of Romania, political decisions, socio-economic measures, and cultural (traditional) characters have affected the implementation of environment friendly techniques (EFTs) policies. In the context of this paper, EFTs can be defined as solutions for the use of land resources aiming the increasing of goods for meeting the changing human needs and with neutral or positive environmental impact. Changes in the political regime have always had a visible impact on the EFTs issue in Romania. EFTs has gone through several major phases. The political impact on EFTs implementation mainly affected sustainable land management (SLM) and to a small extent, at the end of the communist era and partly during the capitalist period, climate change mitigation. Throughout history, the political factor has dominated and influenced the capacity of the EFTs implementation process in responding to socio-economic stimuli. In addition, quality of life, rural-urban and urban-rural migrations, poverty, education level, and climate change adaptation have had impacts on the status of EFTs according to governance and political reflections. The agrarian reforms from the last two centuries, based on socio-economic demands, have strongly influenced the capacity to implement EFTs both positively and negatively. However, the cultural factor was least affected by political and socio-economic changes as a stability factor in ensuring continued implementation of the EFTs. Currently, there is a strong need to reconsider EFTs as sustainability tools for Romanian agriculture that can cope with climate change and sustainable land management (SLM) demands. This paper presents a brief history of EFTs in Romania and their benefits in achieving SLM equilibrium, describing the impacts of political decisions, socio-economic measures, and cultural features on implementing ETFs policies.
纵观罗马尼亚的历史，政治决策、社会经济措施和文化（传统）特征都影响了环保技术（EFTs）政策的实施。在本文的上下文中，EFTs 可以被定义为旨在增加满足人类不断变化的需求的商品的土地资源利用解决方案，且对环境的影响为中性或积极。政治制度的变化总是对罗马尼亚的 EFTs 问题产生明显影响。EFTs 经历了几个主要阶段。政治对 EFTs 实施的影响主要影响可持续土地管理（SLM），在共产主义时代末期和资本主义时期的部分时间内，对气候变化缓解的影响较小。纵观历史，政治因素一直占据主导地位，并影响 EFTs 实施过程应对社会经济刺激的能力。此外，生活质量、农村-城市和城市-农村移民、贫困、教育水平和气候变化适应能力根据治理和政治反映对 EFTs 的状况产生了影响。过去两个世纪的土地改革基于社会经济需求，对 EFTs 的实施能力产生了强烈的积极和消极影响。然而，文化因素受政治和社会经济变化的影响最小，是确保 EFTs 持续实施的稳定因素。目前，强烈需要重新考虑 EFTs 作为罗马尼亚农业的可持续性工具，以应对气候变化和可持续土地管理（SLM）的需求。本文简要介绍了罗马尼亚 EFTs 的历史及其在实现 SLM 平衡方面的好处，描述了政治决策、社会经济措施和文化特征对实施 ETFs 政策的影响。
