Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, 4037 Boyd Tower, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
Division of Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 Apr;34(4):689-696. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4144-7. Epub 2018 Nov 17.
There are limited data to describe academic achievement outcomes for children with mild to moderate pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of low academic achievement in patients with mild to moderate CKD.
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Second Edition, Abbreviated (WIAT-II-A) data were collected at entry into the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. Achievement in basic reading, spelling, mathematics, and total achievement was evaluated with a focus on the effects of comorbid CKD-related variables, neurocognitive, and school-based characteristics on academic achievement.
WIAT-II-A data were available for 319 children in the CKiD cohort. Low total academic achievement was present in 34% percent of the sample. There was no significant effect of CKD-related medical variables on academic achievement. Mathematics had the lowest distribution of achievement scores. In univariate models, low achievement was significantly related to days of missed school (p = 0.006) and presence of individualized education plan (p < 0.0001).
Low academic achievement was seen in over one-third of children with CKD, with the most difficulty observed in the domain of mathematics. Providers and educators should monitor for academic difficulties in this population in order to facilitate early educational assistance and promote positive educational outcomes.
目前仅有有限的数据可用于描述患有轻度至中度儿科慢性肾脏病（CKD）儿童的学业成绩结果。本研究的目的是描述轻度至中度 CKD 患者学业成绩不良的发生率。
在进入儿童慢性肾脏病（CKiD）研究时收集了 Wechsler 个体成就测验第二版缩写版（WIAT-II-A）的数据。重点评估了合并的 CKD 相关变量、神经认知和基于学校的特征对基本阅读、拼写、数学和总学业成绩的影响。
CKiD 队列中有 319 名儿童的 WIAT-II-A 数据可用。该样本中有 34%的儿童存在总学业成绩不良。CKD 相关医学变量对学业成绩无显著影响。数学的成绩分布最低。在单变量模型中，低成就与缺课天数（p=0.006）和个别化教育计划的存在（p<0.0001）显著相关。
超过三分之一的 CKD 儿童存在学业成绩不良，在数学领域观察到的困难最大。为了促进早期教育援助并促进积极的教育成果，医疗保健提供者和教育工作者应在该人群中监测学业困难。
