Stephen Moss Consulting, Harpenden, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2019 May;75(5):1205-1211. doi: 10.1002/ps.5267. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Implementation of integrated weed management (IWM) has been poor, with little evidence of concomitant reductions in herbicide use. Non-chemical methods are often adopted as a means of compensating for reduced herbicide efficacy, due to increasing resistance, rather than as alternatives to herbicides. Reluctance to adopt non-chemical methods is not due to a lack of research or technology but to a lack of farmer motivation and action. Justifiably, herbicides are often seen as the easier option - their convenience outweighs the increased complexity, costs and management time associated with non-chemical alternatives. Greater use of non-chemical alternatives to herbicides will only occur if the following seven aspects are addressed: (i) better recognition of the reasons why farmers are reluctant to use non-chemical alternatives; (ii) encouraging farmers to adopt a longer-term approach to weed control; (iii) changing farmers' attitudes to pesticides; (iv) paying more attention to the individual farmer's perspective; (v). greater involvement of economists, social scientists and marketing professionals; (vi) re-evaluating research and extension priorities; and (vii) changing the mindset of funders of research and extension. If 'persuasion' fails to deliver greater implementation of IWM, authorities may resort to greater use of financial and other incentives combined with tougher regulations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
综合杂草管理（IWM）的实施情况不佳，几乎没有证据表明同时减少了除草剂的使用。由于抗性增加，非化学方法通常被用作补偿除草剂功效降低的手段，而不是替代除草剂。由于缺乏农民的积极性和行动，人们不愿意采用非化学方法，而不是因为缺乏研究或技术。合理地说，除草剂通常被视为更简单的选择 - 它们的便利性超过了与非化学替代品相关的增加的复杂性、成本和管理时间。只有解决以下七个方面的问题，才能更广泛地使用非化学除草剂替代品：（i）更好地认识到农民不愿意使用非化学替代品的原因；（ii）鼓励农民采取更长期的杂草控制方法；（iii）改变农民对农药的态度；（iv）更多地关注单个农民的观点；（v）. 让更多的经济学家、社会科学家和营销专业人员参与进来；（vi）重新评估研究和推广的优先事项；（vii）改变研究和推广资金提供者的思维方式。如果“说服”未能实现更广泛的 IWM 实施，当局可能会诉诸于更广泛地使用财务和其他激励措施，并结合更严格的法规。© 2018 英国化学学会。
