Cao Changyong, Chu Yihang, Zhou Yihao, Zhang Chi, Qu Shaoxing
Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics, School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Small. 2018 Dec;14(52):e1803976. doi: 10.1002/smll.201803976. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
Supercapacitors (SCs) have shown great potential for mobile energy storage technology owing to their long-term durability, electrochemical stability, structural simplicity, as well as exceptional power density without much compromise in the energy density and cycle life parameters. As a result, stretchable SC devices have been incorporated in a variety of emerging electronics applications ranging from wearable electronic textiles to microrobots to integrated energy systems. In this review, the recent progress and achievements in the field of stretchable SCs enabled by low-dimensional nanomaterials such as polypyrrole, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are presented. First, the three major categories of stretchable supercapacitors are discussed: double-layer supercapacitors, pseudo-supercapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors. Then, the representative progress in developing stretchable electrodes with low-dimensional (0D, 1D, and 2D) nanomaterials is described. Next, the design strategies enabling the stretchability of the devices, including the wavy-shape design, wire-shape design, textile-shape design, kirigami-shape design, origami-shape design, and serpentine bridge-island design are emphasized, with the aim of improving the electrochemical performance under the complex stretchability conditions that may be encountered in practical applications. Finally, the newest developments, major challenges, and outlook in the field of stretchable SC development and manufacturing are discussed.
超级电容器（SCs）因其长期耐久性、电化学稳定性、结构简单性以及出色的功率密度，且在能量密度和循环寿命参数方面没有太大折损，已在移动储能技术中展现出巨大潜力。因此，可拉伸超级电容器器件已被应用于从可穿戴电子织物到微型机器人再到集成能源系统等各种新兴电子应用中。在本综述中，介绍了由聚吡咯、碳纳米管和石墨烯等低维纳米材料推动的可拉伸超级电容器领域的最新进展和成就。首先，讨论了可拉伸超级电容器的三大类别：双电层超级电容器、赝电容器和混合超级电容器。然后，描述了用低维（0D、1D和2D）纳米材料开发可拉伸电极方面的代表性进展。接下来，强调了实现器件可拉伸性的设计策略，包括波浪形设计、线形设计、织物形设计、剪纸形设计、折纸形设计和蛇形桥岛设计，目的是在实际应用中可能遇到的复杂拉伸条件下提高电化学性能。最后，讨论了可拉伸超级电容器开发和制造领域的最新进展、主要挑战及前景。
