a Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
b Portugal Football School , Portuguese Football Federation , Oeiras , Portugal.
Chronobiol Int. 2019 Mar;36(3):360-373. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1545782. Epub 2018 Nov 18.
The aim of the current study was to analyze the influence of the timing of training and matches, and match location, on sleep pattern and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity in female soccer players. A total of 17 female soccer players (age: 21.6 ± 2.3 years; mean ± SD) wore wrist actigraph units and heart rate (HR) monitors during night-sleep throughout 18 night-training days (NTD), 18 resting days (RD), and 6 match-days (MD; 3 away-matches [AM] and 3 home-matches [HM]) of the competitive period. Training load was quantified by session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), heart rate (HR), training impulse (TRIMP), and subjective well-being. In NTD, sleep onset time and total sleep time were significantly impaired compared to MD (+ 1:47 [0:48; 1:55] hours and -1:35 [-1:42; -0:57] hours, respectively; p< 0.001; mean difference ± 95% confidence interval [CI]) and RD (+ 1:31 [0:52; 1:49] hours and -1:26 [-1:28; -0:55] hours, respectively; p< 0.001). In AM, sleep onset time was delayed compared to HM (+ 0:36 [0:12; 0:44] hours; p< 0.001). Sleep latency was higher in NTD compared to RD (+ 4 [2; 5] min; p< 0.001), as well as after AM compared to HM (+ 5 [1; 7] min; p< 0.001). HR during sleep was significantly increased after NTD and MD compared to RD (+ 4 [1; 5] b.p.m and + 3 [1; 4] b.p.m, respectively; p< 0.001). Furthermore, HR variability decreased after NTD and MD compared to RD (e.g., lnRMSSD, -0.09 [-0.18; -0.08] ln[ms] and -0.17 [-0.27; -0.11] ln[ms], respectively; p< 0.001). Overall, the time of day for soccer practice (i.e., training at night) and match location (i.e., away matches) may cause disruption in sleep patterns and/or in autonomic cardiac activity in female soccer players. Additionally, playing official matches during the day and training at night may affect nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity by decreasing vagal-related modulation and increasing HR during sleep.
本研究旨在分析训练和比赛时间以及比赛地点对女性足球运动员睡眠模式和夜间心脏自主活动的影响。共有 17 名女性足球运动员（年龄：21.6 ± 2.3 岁；平均值 ± 标准差）在竞争期的 18 个夜间训练日（NTD）、18 个休息日（RD）和 6 个比赛日（MD；3 个客场比赛 [AM]和 3 个主场比赛 [HM]）期间，整晚佩戴腕部动作计和心率（HR）监测器。训练负荷通过运动后主观感觉评估（sRPE）、心率（HR）、训练冲动（TRIMP）和主观幸福感进行量化。在 NTD 中，与 MD（+1:47[0:48;1:55] 小时和-1:35[-1:42;-0:57] 小时，p<0.001；平均差异±95%置信区间[CI]）和 RD（+1:31[0:52;1:49] 小时和-1:26[-1:28;-0:55] 小时，p<0.001）相比，睡眠潜伏期和总睡眠时间明显受损。在 AM 中，与 HM 相比，睡眠潜伏期延长（+0:36[0:12;0:44] 小时；p<0.001）。与 RD（+4[2;5] 分钟；p<0.001）和 AM（+5[1;7] 分钟；p<0.001）相比，NTD 期间的睡眠潜伏期更高。与 RD（+4[1;5] b.p.m 和+3[1;4] b.p.m，p<0.001）相比，NTD 和 MD 后 HR 在睡眠期间显著增加。此外，与 RD（例如，lnRMSSD，-0.09[-0.18;-0.08]ln[ms]和-0.17[-0.27;-0.11]ln[ms]，p<0.001）相比，NTD 和 MD 后 HR 变异性降低。总的来说，足球训练的时间（即夜间训练）和比赛地点（即客场比赛）可能会扰乱女性足球运动员的睡眠模式和/或自主心脏活动。此外，在白天进行正式比赛和在夜间训练可能会通过降低迷走神经相关调节并增加睡眠时的心率来影响夜间心脏自主活动。
