Miles Kathleen H, Clark Brad, Fowler Peter M, Miller Joanna, Pumpa Kate L
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Biol Sport. 2022 Sep;39(3):751-763. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.108705. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
With the recent growth in female sport, practitioners need to be able to provide specific support to female athletes to ensure their sleep, health and athletic performance are optimised. Examine the patterns, duration and quality of sleep among elite female athletes, and consider the impact of situational challenges and their effects on the sleep of elite female athletes. Data was located through a search of SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and Scopus from inception up to May 2021. Studies needed to be peer-reviewed research reporting quantitative sleep outcomes for female athletes ≥ 18 years of age and competing at a predefined elite level. A meta-analysis was performed on habitual sleep outcomes (e.g. total sleep time [TST] and sleep efficiency [SE]) measured with actigraphy. A total of 38 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed habitual TST (n = 14) was 7.8 h [7.4, 8.2] (mean [95% CI]), and SE was 86.7% [84.7, 88.6], with high variability among studies (I = 97.8-98.2%). Subjective sleep complaints are common before a competition, as do post-training sleep disturbances (63% studies report TST decrease), and post-competition sleep disturbances (75% studies report TST decrease). Female athletes achieve satisfactory objective sleep quantity and quality during habitual periods, but experience sleep disturbances pre- and post-situational challenges. There is high variability of objective sleep outcomes, demonstrating the individual nature of habitual female athlete sleep. Overall, future research must focus on optimising the sleep appraisal methods and creating high-quality study designs in a broader number of sports.
随着近期女子体育项目的发展，从业者需要能够为女运动员提供特定支持，以确保她们的睡眠、健康和运动表现达到最佳状态。研究精英女运动员的睡眠模式、时长和质量，并考虑情境挑战的影响及其对精英女运动员睡眠的作用。通过检索从创刊至2021年5月的SPORTDiscus、MEDLINE和Scopus数据库获取数据。研究需为同行评审研究，报告18岁及以上、参加预定义精英级别的女运动员的定量睡眠结果。对通过活动记录仪测量的习惯性睡眠结果（如总睡眠时间[TST]和睡眠效率[SE]）进行荟萃分析。共纳入38项研究。荟萃分析显示，习惯性TST（n = 14）为7.8小时[7.4, 8.2]（均值[95%置信区间]），SE为86.7%[84.7, 88.6]，各研究间存在高度变异性（I = 97.8 - 98.2%）。主观睡眠问题在比赛前很常见，训练后睡眠障碍（63%的研究报告TST减少）和比赛后睡眠障碍（75%的研究报告TST减少）也很常见。女运动员在习惯性时期的客观睡眠量和质量令人满意，但在情境挑战前后会经历睡眠障碍。客观睡眠结果存在高度变异性，表明习惯性女运动员睡眠具有个体性。总体而言，未来研究必须专注于优化睡眠评估方法，并在更多体育项目中创建高质量的研究设计。
