Mbatyoti Akhona, Daneel Mieke Stefanie, Swart Antoinette, de Waele Dirk, Fourie Hendrika
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa.
Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Nelspruit, South Africa.
J Nematol. 2018;50(3):243-260. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-028.
Information about the effects of glyphosate on nematodes is limited and contradictory, while none existing for South African agricultural fields. The abundance and identity of non-parasitic nematodes in the rhizospheres of commercial glyphosate-tolerant and conventional (non-glyphosate-tolerant), soybean cultivars from cultivated fields, and adjacent natural vegetation (reference system) were obtained for two growing seasons. The impact of glyphosate was also investigated on non-parasitic nematodes in a 2-year soybean-maize cropping system. Thirty-two non-parasitic nematode genera were identified from soils of the three field ecosystems, with most of the genera occurring in natural vegetation (28), and less in conventional (23) and glyphosate-tolerant soybean (21). Bacterivores had the greatest diversity in soils of all three ecosystems during both seasons, while fungivores tended to be more abundant in glyphosate-tolerant soybean fields especially during the second season. Soils from the three ecosystems were disturbed and degraded with low abundance and diversity of omnivores and predators. Of the 14 genera identified from the soybean-maize cropping experiment, bacterivores dominated in terms of diversity in non-treated, and fungivores in glyphosate-treated plots. Soils from glyphosate-treated plots were degraded, less enriched and fungal-mediated, while those from non-treated plots were disturbed, enriched, and bacterial-mediated.
关于草甘膦对线虫影响的信息有限且相互矛盾，而关于南非农田的此类信息则不存在。在两个生长季节中，获取了来自耕地的商业化耐草甘膦大豆品种和常规（非耐草甘膦）大豆品种根际以及相邻自然植被（参照系统）中非寄生线虫的丰度和种类。还研究了草甘膦对两年大豆 - 玉米种植系统中非寄生线虫的影响。从这三个农田生态系统的土壤中鉴定出32个非寄生线虫属，其中大多数属出现在自然植被中（28个），在常规大豆（23个）和耐草甘膦大豆（21个）中较少。在两个季节中，细菌食性线虫在所有三个生态系统的土壤中多样性最高，而真菌食性线虫在耐草甘膦大豆田中往往更为丰富，尤其是在第二季。这三个生态系统的土壤受到干扰和退化，杂食性和捕食性线虫的丰度和多样性较低。在大豆 - 玉米种植试验中鉴定出的14个属中，细菌食性线虫在未处理地块的多样性方面占主导，而真菌食性线虫在草甘膦处理地块中占主导。草甘膦处理地块的土壤退化，富集程度较低且以真菌介导为主，而未处理地块的土壤受到干扰，富集程度较高且以细菌介导为主。
