Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Medicinaregatan 18 , 413 90 Göteborg , Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Dec 18;52(24):14392-14401. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04848. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Ingestion has been proposed as a prominent exposure route for plastic debris in aquatic organisms, including fish. While the consequences of ingestion of large plastic litter are mostly understood, the impacts resulting from ingestion of microplastics (MPs) are largely unknown. We designed a study that aimed to assess impacts of MPs on fish intestinal physiology and examined integrity of extrinsic, physical and immunological barriers. Rainbow trout were exposed to polystyrene (PS) MPs (100-400 μm) via feed for a period of 4 weeks. Fish were fed four types of diets: control, diets containing virgin PS particles, or particles exposed to two different environmental matrices (sewage or harbor effluent). Extrinsic barrier disturbance in intestinal tissue was evaluated via histology. The paracellular permeability toward ions and molecules was examined using Ussing chambers and mRNA expression analysis of tight junction proteins. Active transport was monitored as transepithelial potential difference, short-circuits current and uptake rate of amino acid H-lysine. Immune status parameters were measured through mRNA expression level of cytokines, lysozyme activity, and hematological analysis of immune cells. We could not show that PS MPs induced inflammatory responses or acted as physical or chemical hazards upon ingestion. No measurable effects were exerted on fish intestinal permeability, active transport or electrophysiology.
摄入已被提出是水生生物（包括鱼类）中塑料碎片的主要暴露途径。虽然人们已经大多了解了吞食大塑料垃圾的后果，但吞食微塑料（MPs）的影响在很大程度上仍不清楚。我们设计了一项研究，旨在评估 MPs 对鱼类肠道生理学的影响，并研究外在、物理和免疫屏障的完整性。虹鳟鱼通过饲料摄入聚苯乙烯（PS） MPs（100-400μm），为期 4 周。鱼被喂食四种类型的饮食：对照饮食、含有原始 PS 颗粒的饮食，或暴露于两种不同环境基质（污水或港口污水）的颗粒的饮食。通过组织学评估肠道组织中外在屏障的干扰。使用 Ussing 室和紧密连接蛋白的 mRNA 表达分析检查离子和分子的经上皮渗透性。通过跨上皮电位差、短路电流和氨基酸 H-赖氨酸的摄取率监测主动转运。通过细胞因子的 mRNA 表达水平、溶菌酶活性和免疫细胞的血液学分析测量免疫状态参数。我们不能证明 PS MPs 在摄入后会引起炎症反应或充当物理或化学危害。对鱼类肠道通透性、主动转运或电生理学没有产生可测量的影响。
